{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T12:40:50Z","timestamp":1774874450125,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To evaluate the 3-dimensional motion\npattern including main and coupled motions of the\ncaudal lumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral\ncolumn of dogs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u2014Vertebral columns of 9 German Shepherd\nDogs (GSDs) and 16 dogs of other breeds with similar\nbody weights and body conditions .<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014Main and coupled motions of the caudal\nlumbar and lumbosacral portions of the vertebral column\n(L4 to S1) were determined by use of a testing\napparatus that permitted precise application of known\npure moments to the vertebral column. Motion was\ncompared between GSDs and dogs of other breeds.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014All specimens had a similar motion pattern\nconsisting of main motion and a certain amount of\ncoupled motion including translation. Vertebral\ncolumns of GSDs had significantly less main motion\nin all directions than that of dogs of other breeds.\nTranslation was similar in GSDs and dogs of other\nbreeds and was smallest at the lumbosacral motion\nsegment.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results indicated\nthat motion in the caudal lumbar and lumbosacral\nportions of the vertebral column of dogs is\ncomplex and provided a basis for further studies evaluating\nabnormal vertebral columns. 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