{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T07:29:26Z","timestamp":1773300566490,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess changes in systemic hydration,\nconcentrations of electrolytes in plasma, hydration of\ncolonic contents and feces, and gastrointestinal transit\nin horses treated with IV fluid therapy or enteral\nadministration of magnesium sulfate (MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), sodium\nsulfate (NaSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>), water, or a balanced electrolyte\nsolution.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20147 horses with fistulas in the right dorsal\ncolon (RDC).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014In a crossover design, horses alternately\nreceived 1 of 6 treatments: no treatment (control); IV\nfluid therapy with lactated Ringer's solution; or enteral\nadministration of MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>, water, or a balanced\nelectrolyte solution via nasogastric intubation.\nPhysical examinations were performed and samples\nof blood, RDC contents, and feces were collected\nevery 6 hours during the 48 hour-observation period.\nHorses were muzzled for the initial 24 hours but had\naccess to water ad libitum. Horses had access to hay,\nsalt, and water ad libitum for the last 24 hours.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Enteral administration of a balanced electrolyte\nsolution and Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> were the best treatments\nfor promoting hydration of RDC contents, followed by\nwater. Sodium sulfate was the best treatment for promoting\nfecal hydration, followed by MgSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> and the\nbalanced electrolyte solution. Sodium sulfate caused\nhypocalcemia and hypernatremia, and water caused\nhyponatremia.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Enteral\nadministration of a balanced electrolyte solution promoted\nhydration of RDC contents and may be useful\nin horses with large colon impactions. Enteral administration\nof either Na<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>SO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> or water may promote\nhydration of RDC contents but can cause severe electrolyte\nimbalances. (<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2004;65:695\u2013704)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T12:18:48Z","timestamp":1135167528000},"page":"695-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Effects of enteral and intravenous fluid therapy, magnesium sulfate, and sodium sulfate on colonic contents and feces in horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Marco A. 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