{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:09:58Z","timestamp":1775768998363,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate antiviral activity and toxicity\nof recombinant human interferon alfa-2a in calves persistently\ninfected with noncytopathic type 1 bovine\nviral diarrhea virus (BVDV).\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u20145 Holstein heifers, 4 to 12 months of age.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedures<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Calves persistently infected with noncytopathic\ntype 1 BVDV were treated with recombinant\nhuman interferon alfa-2a every other day for 12\nweeks. Viral loads were measured during the treatment\nperiod and compared with pre- and post-treatment\nvalues. Complete physical examinations were\nperformed weekly, and calves were observed daily for\nsigns of systemic illness. Complete blood counts and\nserum biochemical analyses were performed before,\nduring, and after the treatment period. Because\ncalves developed anemia during the treatment period,\nbone marrow biopsy specimens were collected. Antirecombinant\nhuman interferon alfa-2a antibody concentrations\nin serum samples obtained before, during,\nand after the treatment period were measured by\nuse of an ELISA.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Recombinant human interferon alfa-2a had\nno antiviral activity against noncytopathic type 1\nBVDV in persistently infected calves. All calves developed\nmicrocytic anemia during the treatment period\nthat persisted for up to 13 weeks after cessation of\ntreatment. Anti-interferon antibodies were detected\nduring the treatment period and persisted for at least\n2 weeks after cessation of treatment.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Because of\nlack of in vivo antiviral activity against BVDV, recombinant\nhuman interferon alfa-2a has little promise as a\ntherapeutic agent for the treatment of BVDV infection,\nat least in persistently infected cattle. Furthermore,\ntreatment was associated with adverse immunologic\nand hematologic effects. 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