{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:04Z","timestamp":1775769004279,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To evaluate 3 neurokinin-2 (NK2) receptor\nantagonists on the basis of their ability to block neurokinin\nA (NKA)-induced contractile responses in various\nregions of the guinea pig respiratory tract.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201448 clinically normal guinea pigs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014After euthanasia, the trachea and lungs\nwere removed en bloc. The spirally cut trachea was\ndivided into lower, middle, and upper portions. The\nmain bronchus was spirally cut. A lung strip was cut\nfrom the edge of the lung. Tissue strips were mounted\nin organ baths containing Tyrode solution at 37\u00b0C\nand attached to force transducers interfaced with a\npolygraph. Lung strips were set at a tension of 1 g;\nother tissue strips were set at 2 g. After 45 minutes\nof equilibration, cumulative concentration-response\n(CR) relationships to graded concentrations of NKA\nwere determined. In the treatment groups, tissues\nwere incubated (30 minutes) with antagonists (MEN\n10376, SR 48968, and SR 144190) at 3 concentrations\n(10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20139<\/jats:sup>\n                    , 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20137<\/jats:sup>\n                    , and 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u20135<\/jats:sup>\n                    M) before CR relationships were\ndetermined. Effectiveness of SR 48968 against NKA\nwas also tested in vivo.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Lung strips failed to contract, but all others\nresponded in a concentration-dependent manner.\nBronchial spirals were most sensitive. SR 48968 had\nthe highest pA\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    value and effectively blocked NKA.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The bronchial\nregion where airflow resistance is high was the most\nsensitive to NKA, suggesting the importance of NKA\nin bronchoconstriction. Nonpeptide antagonists (SR\n48968 and SR 144190) were more potent than the\npeptide antagonist (MEN 10376), indicating their\ngreater therapeutic potential as antiasthmatic agents.\n(\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2004;65:984\u2013991)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2004.65.984","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,22]],"date-time":"2005-12-22T05:39:17Z","timestamp":1135229957000},"page":"984-991","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacologic evaluation of neurokinin-2 receptor antagonists in the guinea pig respiratory tract"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Changaram S.","family":"Venugopal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Craig L.","family":"Christopher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shawn M.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sumanth","family":"Polikepahad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Dequeant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Earnestine P.","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"p_1_449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI109674","volume":"65","author":"Chesrown SE","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"p_2_450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1973.224.5.1072","volume":"224","author":"Coburn RF","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"p_3_451","first-page":"785","volume":"119","author":"Richardson JB","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_4_452","first-page":"509","volume":"24","author":"Burnstock G","year":"1972","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"p_5_453","first-page":"398","volume":"77","author":"Grundstrom N","year":"1981","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"p_6_454","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.70.3.1006","volume":"70","author":"Venugopalan CS","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"p_7_455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-8673.1988.tb00169.x","volume":"8","author":"Venugopalan CS","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Auton Pharmacol"},{"key":"p_8_456","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.6.1391","volume":"144","author":"Barnes PJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"p_9_457","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-6749(91)90100-3"},{"key":"p_10_458","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(00)00546-X"},{"key":"p_11_459","unstructured":"Barnes PJ, Chung KF, Page CP. 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