{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T11:35:22Z","timestamp":1789990522548,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To determine pharmacokinetics of azathioprine\n(AZA) and clinical, hematologic, and serologic\neffects of IV and oral administration of AZA in horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 horses.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014In study phase 1, a single dose of AZA\nwas administered IV (1.5 mg\/kg) or orally (3.0 mg\/kg)\nto 6 horses, with at least 1 week between treatments.\nBlood samples were collected for AZA and\n6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) analysis 1 hour before and\nat predetermined time points up to 4 hours after AZA\nadministration. In study phase 2, AZA was administered\norally (3 mg\/kg) every 24 hours for 30 days and\nthen every 48 hours for 30 days. Throughout study\nphase 2, blood samples were collected for CBC determination\nand serum biochemical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Plasma concentrations of AZA and its\nmetabolite, 6-MP, decreased rapidly from plasma following\nIV administration of AZA, consistent with the\nshort mean elimination half-life of 1.8 minutes. Oral\nbioavailability of AZA was low, ranging from 1% to\n7%. No horses had abnormalities on CBC determination\nor serum biochemical analysis, other than 1 horse\nthat was lymphopenic on day 5 and 26 of daily treatment.\nThis horse developed facial alopecia from which\n1 colony of a <jats:italic>Trichophyton<\/jats:italic> sp was cultured; alopecia\nresolved within 1 month after the study ended.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Overall, no\nadverse effects were observed with long-term oral\nadministration of AZA to horses, although 1 horse did\nhave possible evidence of immunosuppression with\nchronic treatment. Further investigation of the clinical\nefficacy of AZA in the treatment of autoimmune diseases\nin horses is warranted. 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