{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T17:31:36Z","timestamp":1790703096185,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To assess the use of a von Frey device as\na mechanical nociceptive stimulus for evaluation of\nthe antinociceptive effects of morphine in dogs and\nits potential application in the pharmacodynamic modeling\nof morphine in that species.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u20146 healthy Beagles.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014von Frey thresholds were measured in\nall dogs before and at intervals after they received no\ntreatment (control dogs) and IV administration of morphine\nsulfate (1 mg\/kg; treated dogs) in a crossover\nstudy. The von Frey device consisted of a rigid tip\n(0.5 mm in diameter) and an electronic load cell; the\noperator was unaware of recorded measurements.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Application of the von Frey device was\nsimple and well tolerated by all dogs and caused no\napparent tissue damage. No significant changes in\nthresholds were detected in the control dogs at 8\nhourly measurements, indicating a lack of acquired\ntolerance, learned aversion, or local hyperalgesia.\nWhen assessed as a group, treated dogs had significantly\nhigh thresholds for 4 hours following morphine\nadministration, compared with baseline values;\nindividually, thresholds decreased to baseline\nvalues within (mean \u00b1 SE) 2.8 \u00b1 0.6 hours. The\nmaximal effect (change from baseline values) was\n213 \u00b1 43%, and the plasma morphine concentration\nto achieve 50% maximal effect was\n13.92 \u00b1 2.39 ng\/mL.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Data suggest\nthat, in dogs, evaluation of the antinociceptive effect\nand pharmacodynamic modeling of a dose of morphine\nsulfate (1 mg\/kg, IV) can be successfully\nachieved by use of a von Frey device. 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