{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:51:07Z","timestamp":1775742667554,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To ultrasonographically evaluate hemodynamics\nin the abdominal aorta (AAo) and splanchnic\nvessels in dogs with experimentally induced normovolemic\nanemia.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\u201411 healthy Beagles.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014The AAo, cranial mesenteric artery\n(CMA), celiac artery (CA), hilar splenic artery (HSA),\nand main portal vein (MPV) were evaluated in conscious\ndogs immediately before and after experimental\ninduction of severe normovolemic anemia (Hct,\n16%) and during recovery from moderate and mild\nanemia (Hct, 26% and 34%, respectively). Peak systolic\nvelocity (PSV) or peak velocity (PV), time-averaged\nmean velocity (TAV<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub>), pulsatility index (PI),\nresistive index (RI), blood flow, congestion index (CI),\nand heart rate (HR) were recorded. Results were\ncompared for anemic and control states.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014Severe anemia caused significant increases\nin HR (25% to 70%), PSV (AAo, 45.8%; CMA, 56.1%;\nand CA, 41.9%), PV (MPV, 84.2%), and TAV<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> (AAo,\n69.4%, CMA, 64.3%; CA, 29.7%; and MPV, 76.9%) and\nsignificant decreases in PI (AAo, 26.1%; HSA, 19.3%)\nand CI (MPV, 45.2%). There was no significant change\nin PI of the CMA or CA, portal blood flow, or RI of any\nartery. Significantly higher TAV<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> persisted in all vessels\nduring moderate anemia, but higher PSV persisted\nonly in the CMA; PI (CMA and CA) and RI (CA)\ndecreased significantly, but portal blood flow increased\nsignificantly. Significant increase in TAV<jats:sub>mean<\/jats:sub> (AAo and\nCMA) persisted during mild anemia, and PI (AAo, CMA,\nand HSA) but RI (CMA) were significantly lower.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Doppler ultrasonography\nrevealed hyperdynamic circulation in the\nAAo and splanchnic vessels in dogs with experimentally\ninduced normovolemic anemia. 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