{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T01:48:58Z","timestamp":1762998538130,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\u2014To compare expression of tartrate-resistant\nacid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K and\nhistologic changes in canine cranial cruciate ligaments\n(CCLs) and human anterior cruciate ligaments (ACLs).<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Study Population<\/jats:bold>\u2014Sections of cruciate ligaments\nfrom 15 dogs with ruptured CCLs, 8 aged dogs with\nintact CCLs, 14 human beings with ruptured ACLs,\nand 11 aged human beings with intact ACLs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\u2014The CCLs and ACLs were evaluated histologically,\nand cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K\nwere identified histochemically and immunohistochemically,\nrespectively.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\u2014The proportion of ruptured CCLs that contained\nTRAP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells was significantly higher than the\nproportion of intact ACLs that did but similar to proportions\nof intact CCLs and ruptured ACLs that did.\nThe proportion of ruptured CCLs that contained\ncathepsin K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells was significantly increased, compared\nwith all other groups. Numbers of TRAP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and\ncathepsin K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells were significantly increased in ruptured\nCCLs, compared with intact ACLs. The presence\nof TRAP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells was correlated with inflammatory\nchanges, which were most prominent in ruptured\nCCLs.<\/jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t<jats:p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<jats:bold>Conclusion and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\u2014Results suggest\nthat synovial macrophage-like cells that produce\nTRAP are an important feature of the inflammation\nassociated with CCL rupture in dogs. Identification of\nTRAP and cathepsin K in intact CCLs and ACLs from\naged dogs suggests that these enzymes have a functional\nrole in cruciate ligament remodeling and repair.\nWe hypothesize that recruitment and activation of\nTRAP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> macrophage-like cells into the stifle joint synovium\nand CCL epiligament are critical features of the\ninflammatory arthritis that promotes progressive\ndegradation and eventual rupture of the CCL in dogs.\n(<jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic> 2005;66:2073\u20132080)<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.2073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T15:09:09Z","timestamp":1135177749000},"page":"2073-2080","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Inflammatory changes in ruptured canine cranial and human anterior cruciate ligaments"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Jennifer 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