{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:10:11Z","timestamp":1775769011344,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014To investigate the effects of early training\nfor jumping by comparing the jumping technique of\nhorses that had received early training with that of\nhorses raised conventionally.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Animals<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u201440 Dutch Warmblood horses.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Procedure<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014The horses were analyzed kinematically\nduring free jumping at 6 months of age.\nSubsequently, they were allocated into a control\ngroup that was raised conventionally and an experimental\ngroup that received 30 months of early training\nstarting at 6 months of age. At 4 years of age,\nafter a period of rest in pasture and a short period of\ntraining with a rider, both groups were analyzed kinematically\nduring free jumping. Subsequently, both\ngroups started a 1-year intensive training for jumping,\nand at 5 years of age, they were again analyzed kinematically\nduring free jumping. In addition, the horses\ncompeted in a puissance competition to test maximal\nperformance.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Whereas there were no differences in\njumping technique between experimental and control\nhorses at 6 months of age, at 4 years, the experimental\nhorses jumped in a more effective manner\nthan the control horses; they raised their center of\ngravity less yet cleared more fences successfully than\nthe control horses. However, at 5 years of age, these\ndifferences were not detected. Furthermore, the\nexperimental horses did not perform better than the\ncontrol horses in the puissance competition.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:bold>\n                    \u2014Specific training\nfor jumping of horses at an early age is unnecessary\nbecause the effects on jumping technique and\njumping capacity are not permanent. (\n                    <jats:italic>Am J Vet Res<\/jats:italic>\n                    2005;66:418\u2013424)\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,21]],"date-time":"2005-12-21T10:05:51Z","timestamp":1135159551000},"page":"418-424","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Effect of early training on the jumping technique of horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Susana","family":"Santamar\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maarten F.","family":"Bobbert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Willem","family":"Back","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ab","family":"Barneveld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. 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