{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T14:26:32Z","timestamp":1787235992115,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess drug-drug interactions between cannabidiol (CBD) and phenobarbital (PB) when simultaneously administered to healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>9 healthy, purpose bred Beagles.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 3-phase prospective, randomized pharmacokinetic (PK) interaction study of CBD and PB was performed as follows: phase 1, CBD PK determination and evaluation of CBD tolerability by 3 single-dose CBD (5 mg\/kg, 10 mg\/kg, and 20 mg\/kg) protocols followed by 2-week CBD dosing; phase 2, a single-dose, 3-way, crossover PK study of CBD (10 mg\/kg), PB (4 mg\/kg), or CBD (10 mg\/kg) administration plus PB (4 mg\/kg); and phase 3, evaluation of chronic PB (4 mg\/kg, q 30 d) administration followed by single-dose CBD (10 mg\/kg) PK study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there were variations in CBD PK variables in dogs receiving CBD alone or in conjunction with PB, significance differences in CBD PK variables were not found. No significant difference was observed in PB PK variables of dogs receiving PB alone or with CBD. During chronic CBD administration, mild gastrointestinal signs were observed in 5 dogs. At daily CBD doses of 10 to 20 mg\/kg\/d, hypoxia was observed in 5 dogs and increased serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities (range, 301 to 978 U\/L) was observed in 4 dogs. A significant increase in ALP activity was observed with chronic administration of CBD during phase 1 between day 0 and day 14.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>No significant PK interactions were found between CBD and PB. Dose escalation of CBD or adjustment of PB in dogs is not recommended on the basis of findings of this study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.08.0120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,3]],"date-time":"2021-11-03T14:21:34Z","timestamp":1635949294000},"page":"86-94","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Drug-drug interaction between cannabidiol and phenobarbital in healthy dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Caitlin E.","family":"Doran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"McGrath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa R.","family":"Bartner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Breonna","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alastair E.","family":"Cribb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Gustafson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"ref1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01251.x","article-title":"Canine idiopathic epilepsy: prevalence, risk factors and outcome associated with cluster seizures and status epilepticus","volume":"53","author":"Monteiro R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Monteiro R, Adams V, Keys D, Pratt SR. 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