{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T11:17:47Z","timestamp":1696591067508},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare the biomechanical properties and gapping characteristics following loop modification of a 3-loop-pulley (3LP) pattern in an ex vivo canine common calcaneal tendon (CCT) avulsion repair model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>56 skeletally mature hindlimbs from 28 canine cadavers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The CCTs were randomized to 1 of 4 experimental groups (n = 14\/group) then sharply transected at the teno-osseous junction. Groups consisted of a 3LP, 4-loop-pulley (4LP), 5-loop-pulley (5LP), or 6-loop-pulley (6LP) pattern with loops placed 60\u00b0 apart using size-0 polypropylene. Yield, peak, and failure loads, construct stiffness, loads to produce a 3-mm teno-osseous gap, and failure mode were evaluated and compared between groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Yield (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001), peak (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and failure loads (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), construct stiffness (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), and loads to 3-mm gap formation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005) were all significantly greater for 6LP compared to all other groups. Mode of failure did not differ among groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.733) with 75% (42\/56) of repairs failing by mechanism of core sutures pulling through the tendinous tissue. Pattern modification by increasing the number of loops increased the repair site strength by 1.4, 1.6, and 1.8 times for 4LP, 5LP, and 6LP compared to 3LP, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Increasing the number of suture loops compared to a traditional 3LP repair is a relatively simple technique modification that significantly increases teno-osseous repair site strength and loads required to cause 3-mm gap formation. The results of this study justify further focused investigation of increasing the number of suture loops in vivo for teno-osseous CCT repair in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.09.0139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,24]],"date-time":"2022-06-24T12:47:17Z","timestamp":1656074837000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Loop modification of the traditional three-loop pulley pattern improves the biomechanical properties and resistance to 3-mm gap formation in a canine common calcanean teno-osseous avulsion model"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Duffy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Weston L.","family":"Beamon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Jen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George E.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Administration, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"407","article-title":"Retrospective study of Achilles mechanism disruption in 45 dogs","volume":"167","year":"2010","unstructured":"Corr SA, Draffan D, Kulendra E, Carmichael S, Brodbelt D. 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