{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:13:58Z","timestamp":1773054838399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,1]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n\nOBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\nTo evaluate the efficacy of 2 different oxygen delivery strategies\u2014intranasal and tracheal insufflation\u2014on the inspired fraction of oxygen (FIO2<\/jats:sub>) in standing horses and to determine the time needed for arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2<\/jats:sub>) equilibration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n6 healthy adult horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nPROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\nIn this blinded, randomized crossover design study, horses were randomly assigned to receive oxygen via nasal cannula (group N) or transcutaneous tracheal catheter (group T). After placement of venous and arterial catheters, FIO2<\/jats:sub> was measured through a catheter placed into the distal portion of the trachea. After baseline measurements were obtained, horses received oxygen at up to 25 mL\/kg\/min for 1 hour via either intranasal or intratracheal catheter. The FIO2<\/jats:sub> and PaO2<\/jats:sub> were recorded at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 minutes during and 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 minutes after oxygen insufflation. Data were analyzed by use of a 2-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey-Kramer post hoc testing for pairwise comparisons (P<\/jats:italic> < 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nRESULTS<\/jats:title>\nDuring oxygen administration, FIO2<\/jats:sub> and PaO2<\/jats:sub> increased significantly when compared with baseline, resulting in significantly higher values for group T (37.7 \u00b1 2.4%; 214.6 \u00b1 18 mm Hg) than for group N (34.3 \u00b1 3.9%; 184.1 \u00b1 11 mm Hg). The equilibration time was less than 10 minutes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nCLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\nIntratracheal oxygen administration resulted in better oxygenation than nasal insufflation and should therefore be considered in standing horses that are experiencing severe respiratory compromise. The equilibration between FIO2<\/jats:sub> and PaO2<\/jats:sub> is rapid in adult horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.09.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T14:26:56Z","timestamp":1646836016000},"page":"450-454","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Intratracheal oxygen administration increases FIO2 and PaO2 compared with intranasal administration in healthy, standing horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Dario","family":"Floriano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2013New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda R.","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2013New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klaus","family":"Hopster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies\u2013New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","series-title":"Equine Emergency and Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"253","article-title":"Respiratory tract","author":"Gerard MP","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gerard MP, Wilkins PA. 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