{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:31:41Z","timestamp":1778279501629,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare the analgesic efficacy of grapiprant to carprofen for the treatment of postoperative pain and inflammation in dogs following ovariohysterectomy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>12 purpose-bred adult sexually intact female Beagles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dogs were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: grapiprant (2 mg\/kg, PO; n = 6) or carprofen (4.4 mg\/kg, PO; n = 6), 1.5 hours prior to ovariohysterectomy (OVH) and every 24 hours afterward for 3 total doses. An ultrafiltration probe was placed within the OVH incision to collect interstitial fluid (ISF). Pain and inflammation were assessed by masked investigators via mechanical nociceptive threshold testing and the short form of the Glasgow Composite Pain Scale before drug administration and at multiple time points for 72 hours following dosing and surgery. ISF samples were collected at the same time points to assess prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations at the site of inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In both groups, pain scale scores were highest in the immediate postoperative period and decreased over time. In both treatment groups, there were significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.003) differences in mechanical nociceptive threshold results over time when compared with baseline, but there was no difference between groups. Prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> concentrations in ISF were higher in dogs receiving grapiprant compared with carprofen (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001). One dog in the carprofen group required rescue analgesia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Results of this preliminary study suggested both carprofen and grapiprant may be effective for postoperative pain following OVH in dogs; however, additional studies are warranted to determine grapiprant\u2019s effectiveness in a larger and more diverse population of dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.10.0162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T12:15:39Z","timestamp":1654604139000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Preliminary evaluation of the effects of grapiprant compared with carprofen on acute pain and inflammation following ovariohysterectomy in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Brittany L.","family":"Southern","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danielle N.","family":"Barnes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Enomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristen M.","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg.","first-page":"69","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in dogs","volume":"39","year":"2011","unstructured":"KuKanich B, Bidgood T, Knesl O. 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