{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T13:55:26Z","timestamp":1777557326188,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate the prevalence of <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> contamination and <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> virulence gene signatures consistent with known <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> pathotypes in commercially available conventional diets and raw-meat\u2013based diets (RMBDs).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>40 diets in total (19 conventionally cooked kibble or canned diets and 21 RMBDs) obtained from retail stores or online distributors.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Each diet was cultured for <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> contamination in 3 separate container locations using standard microbiological techniques. Further characterization of <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> isolates was performed by polymerase chain reaction-based pathotype and virulence gene analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Conventional diets were negative in all culture based testing. In RMBDs, bacterial contamination was similar to previous reports in the veterinary literature, with 66% (14\/21) of the RMBDs having positive cultures for <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic>. Among the 191 confirmed <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from these diets, 31.9% (61\/191) were positive for virulence genes. Categorized by pathotype, isolates presumptively belonging to the neonatal meningitis <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> pathotype (15.7% [30\/191]) were the most common, followed by enterohemorrhagic <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> (10.5% [20\/191]), enteropathogenic <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> (5.8% [11\/191]), uropathogenic <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> (2.1% [4\/191]), and diffusely adherent <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> (1.6% [3\/191]).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study reaffirmed the bacteriologic risks previously associated with RMBDs. Furthermore, potential zoonotic concerns associated with identified pathotypes in these diets may have significant consequences for owners in the animals\u2019 home environment. Potential risk associated with bacterial contamination should be addressed in animals fed RMBDs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.10.0166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]],"date-time":"2022-05-06T19:16:56Z","timestamp":1651864616000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Escherichia coli pathotype contamination in raw canine diets"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Jordan F.","family":"Gibson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valerie J.","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chloe M.","family":"Snell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily W.","family":"Cross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren B.","family":"Pagliughi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dubraska","family":"Diaz-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenessa A.","family":"Winston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Rudinsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"The Comparative Hepatobiliary and Intestinal Research Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"The 2017\u20132018 APPA National Pet Owners Survey Debut","year":"2018","unstructured":"American Pet Products Association. 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