{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:32:54Z","timestamp":1782261174051,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To estimate the number of patients linked to vet-shopping behavior (the solicitation of controlled substance prescriptions from multiple veterinarians for misuse) in the United States using 2014\u20132019 data and characterize mandates for veterinarians to examine prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) before prescribing controlled substances as of April 2021.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>National database reporting prescription dispensing from 92% of US pharmacies from 2014 through 2019.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The annual number of patients with dispensed prescriptions for opioid analgesics, opioid cough-and-cold medications, or benzodiazepines from \u2265 4 veterinarians was calculated. State veterinary medical associations were contacted for information on veterinarian PDMP use mandates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>From 2014 through 2019, the number of patients with prescriptions for any class of controlled substances from \u2265 4 veterinarians tripled from 935 to 2,875 (+207.5%). The number of patients with opioid cough-and-cold medication prescriptions from \u2265 4 veterinarians rose from 150 to 1,348 (+798.9%). The corresponding number for benzodiazepines rose from 185 to 440 (+137.8%). The corresponding number for opioid analgesics peaked at 868 in 2016 before decreasing to 733 in 2019. In April 2021, 10 states mandated veterinarians to examine PDMP records of owners or animals before prescribing controlled substances; 3 mandates excluded benzodiazepines.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Vet shopping in the US may be increasingly common. Mandates for veterinarians to examine PDMPs before prescribing controlled substances might facilitate detection of this behavior. However, benefits of mandates should be weighed against their potential burden on veterinarians.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.10.0173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,23]],"date-time":"2021-12-23T00:55:01Z","timestamp":1640220901000},"page":"147-152","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Trends in the number of patients linked to potential vet-shopping behavior in the United States (2014-2019)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Kao-Ping","family":"Chua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Department of Health Management and Policy, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeanmarie","family":"Perrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Center for Addiction Medicine and Policy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurel E.","family":"Redding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chad M.","family":"Brummett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Michigan Opioid Prescribing Engagement Network, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shreya","family":"Bahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Susan B. Meister Child Health Evaluation and Research Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy S.","family":"Bohnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Vet shopping and drug diversion: a guide for veterinarians","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vet shopping and drug diversion: a guide for veterinarians. AVMA. Accessed March 18, 2021. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/sites\/default\/files\/2019\u201311\/Opioids_Vet-Shopping-Drug-Diversion_Guide-for-Veterinarians_flyer.pdf"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Provisional drug overdose death counts. CDC","year":"2021","unstructured":"Provisional drug overdose death counts. CDC. Accessed November 19, 2021. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/nchs\/nvss\/vsrr\/drug-overdose-data.htm"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","series-title":"Am J Public Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304603","article-title":"Prescription opioid epidemic: do veterinarians have a dog in the fight?","volume":"108","author":"Mason DS","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mason DS, Tenney L, Hellyer PW, Newman LS. Prescription opioid epidemic: do veterinarians have a dog in the fight? Am J Public Health. 2018;108(9):1162\u20131163. doi:10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304603"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"State PDMP profiles and contacts. Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center","year":"2021","unstructured":"State PDMP profiles and contacts. Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Training and Technical Assistance Center. Accessed March 31, 2021. https:\/\/www.pdmpassist.org\/State"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","series-title":"J Anim Environ Law","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prescription drug monitoring programs: applying a one size fits all approach to human and veterinary medical professionals, custom tailoring is needed","volume":"5","author":"Simpson RJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Simpson RJ. Prescription drug monitoring programs: applying a one size fits all approach to human and veterinary medical professionals, custom tailoring is needed. J Anim Environ Law. 2014;5(1):1\u201343."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02428-x","article-title":"Veterinarians\u2019 attitudes and practices regarding opioid-related vet shopping practices in tri-state Appalachian counties: an exploratory study","volume":"16","author":"Patel FC","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patel FC, Raines JA, Kim RW,  Veterinarians\u2019 attitudes and practices regarding opioid-related vet shopping practices in tri-state Appalachian counties: an exploratory study. BMC Vet Res. 2020;16(1):210. doi:10.1186\/s12917-020-02428-x"},{"key":"ref7","series-title":"National Quality Forum","article-title":"NFQ #2950: use of opioids from multiple providers in persons without cancer","year":"2021","unstructured":"NFQ #2950: use of opioids from multiple providers in persons without cancer. National Quality Forum. Accessed March 1, 2021. https:\/\/www.qualityforum.org"},{"key":"ref8","article-title":"Controlled substances by CSA schedule. US Drug Enforcement Agency","year":"2021","unstructured":"Controlled substances by CSA schedule. US Drug Enforcement Agency. Accessed November 19, 2021. https:\/\/www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov\/schedules\/orangebook\/e_cs_sched.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"427","article-title":"Lack of effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride for the treatment of pain and joint dysfunction in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis","volume":"252","author":"Budsberg SC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Budsberg SC, Torres BT, Kleine SA, Sandberg GS, Berjeski AK. Lack of effectiveness of tramadol hydrochloride for the treatment of pain and joint dysfunction in dogs with chronic osteoarthritis. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;252(4):427\u2013432."},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Pet prescriptions. National Community Pharmacists Association","author":"Philbrick A.","year":"2021","unstructured":"Philbrick A. Pet prescriptions. National Community Pharmacists Association. Accessed May 1, 2021. www.ncpa.co\/issues\/APDEC15-Pet_Prescriptions.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref11","series-title":"J Public Health Policy","first-page":"249","article-title":"Prescription drug monitoring program policy reform: human and veterinary practitioner prescribing in West Virginia, 2008\u20132020","volume":"42","author":"Hendricks B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hendricks B, Rudisill T, Pesarsick J,  Prescription drug monitoring program policy reform: human and veterinary practitioner prescribing in West Virginia, 2008\u20132020. J Public Health Policy. 2021;42(2):249\u2013257."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref12","series-title":"JAMA Netw Open","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e186950","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6950","article-title":"Trends in opioid prescribing and dispensing by veterinarians in Pennsylvania","volume":"2","author":"Clarke DL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clarke DL, Drobatz KJ, Korzekwa C, Nelson LS, Perrone J. Trends in opioid prescribing and dispensing by veterinarians in Pennsylvania. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(1):e186950. doi:10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2018.6950"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/2\/ajvr.21.10.0173.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/2\/ajvr.21.10.0173.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/2\/ajvr.21.10.0173.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T04:36:07Z","timestamp":1749616567000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/2\/ajvr.21.10.0173.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.21.10.0173","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]]}}}