{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T01:01:43Z","timestamp":1790816503954,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the use of a customized 3\u2013D-printed titanium prosthesis as adjunctive treatment for foramen magnum decompression (FMD) in dogs with Chiari-like malformation (CM) and syringomyelia (SM).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>8 dogs with clinical signs and MRI findings of CM-SM.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>3-D reconstruction of CT images of the head was used to simulate an occipital craniectomy and design the prosthesis. FMD was performed, and the prosthesis was implanted. Follow-up was performed 1, 6, and 12 months later, and clinical status was scored. Repeated MRI images were compared to identify changes involving the neural structures, particularly the syrinx.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All prostheses were easily positioned based on the preoperative 3-D models, with no complications. At 12 months after surgery, 3 dogs were free of previous medications, 4 were still receiving steroid medications but at lower doses, and 1 was occasionally receiving acupuncture. MRI of 5 dogs 6 to 20 months after surgery revealed resolution of SM (n = 1), reduced size of SM (3), or worse SM (1). All dogs showed an increase in size of the caudal cranial fossa. Dogs with a longer presurgical duration of the clinical signs and wider syrinx generally had worse outcomes than other dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Findings suggested that use of customized 3\u2013D-printed titanium prosthesis and associated FMD can represent an adjunctive option to medically treated dogs with CM-SM. Although the small number of cases precludes definitive conclusions, early surgical treatment, particularly in dogs with a small syrinx, could ensure better long-term outcomes, as previously suggested.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.11.0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T18:36:48Z","timestamp":1640803008000},"page":"275-282","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Occipital cranioplasty using customized titanium prosthesis yields successful outcome in association with foramen magnum decompression in dogs suffering by Chiari-like malformation"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Alessia S.","family":"Colverde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Pedrani \u2013 Diagnostica Piccoli Animali, Zugliano (VI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tommaso","family":"Nicetto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Pedrani \u2013 Diagnostica Piccoli Animali, Zugliano (VI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristian","family":"Falzone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinica Veterinaria Pedrani \u2013 Diagnostica Piccoli Animali, Zugliano (VI), Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","series-title":"Front Vet Sci.","first-page":"171","article-title":"Morphogenesis of canine Chiari-malformation and secondary syringomyelia: disorders of cerebrospinal fluid circulation","volume":"27","author":"Knowler SP","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knowler SP, Galea GL, Rusbridge C. 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