{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T22:34:20Z","timestamp":1778279660057,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To compare sedative, cardiopulmonary, and adverse effects of 3 nalbuphine doses, administered alone or in combination with acepromazine, in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>6 healthy dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dogs were administered nalbuphine (1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 mg\/kg, intravenously [IV]) combined with physiologic saline solution (1 mL, IV; treatments SN1.0, SN1.5, and SN2.0, respectively) or acepromazine (0.05 mg\/kg, IV; treatments AN1.0, AN1.5, and AN2.0, respectively) in random order, with a 1-week washout interval between treatments. Sedation scores, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, respiratory rate, and rectal temperature were recorded before and 20 minutes after administration of saline solution or acepromazine (T0), and nalbuphine was administered at T0. Measurements were repeated 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after nalbuphine administration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Treatments SN and AN resulted in at least 120 minutes of mild sedation and 60 minutes of moderate sedation, respectively. Sedation scores were greater for treatments AN1.0, AN1.5, and AN2.0 at various times, compared with scores for treatments SN1.0, SN1.5, and SN2.0, respectively. Administration of nalbuphine alone resulted in salivation and panting in some dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec>\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All nalbuphine doses promoted mild sedation when administered alone, and moderate sedation when combined with acepromazine. Greater doses of nalbuphine did not increase sedation scores. All treatments resulted in minimal changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, rectal temperature, and mean arterial pressure. Nalbuphine alone resulted in few adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.21.12.0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T13:01:46Z","timestamp":1654088506000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Comparison of the sedative effects of three nalbuphine doses, alone or combined with acepromazine, in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Viviane Horta","family":"Gomes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juliana Let\u00edcia Rossetto","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"La\u00eds da Silva","family":"Janiques Borr\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge Gabriel","family":"de Cerqueira Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marta Fernanda Albuquerque","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Serop\u00e9dica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Contemp Top Lab Anim Sci","first-page":"27","article-title":"The sedative and behavioral effects of nalbuphine in dogs","volume":"42","author":"Lester PA","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lester PA, Gaynor JS, Hellyer PW, Mama K, Wagner AE. 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