{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T13:13:57Z","timestamp":1716383637676},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted to establish the prerace venous acid-base and blood gas values of Standardbred horses at rest using big data analytics.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Venous blood samples (73,382) were collected during seven racing seasons from 3 regional tracks in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. Horses were detained 2 hours prior to race time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A mixed-effects linear regression model was used for estimating the marginal model adjusted mean (marginal mean) for all major outcomes. The interaction between age and gender, track, and the interaction between month, treatment (furosemide), and year were the major confounders included in the model. Random effects were set on individual animal nested within trainer. Partial pressure of venous carbon dioxide (P<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>CO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), partial pressure of oxygen (P<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and pH were measured, and base excess (BE), total carbon dioxide (TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and bicarbonate (HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub><jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>) were calculated.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) geographical differences in track locations were seen. Seasonal reductions in acid-base values started in January with significant (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) decreases from adjacent months seen in June, July, and August followed by a gradual return. There were significant increases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) in BE and TCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and decreases in P<jats:sub>V<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> with age. Significant differences (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) in acid-base values were seen when comparing genders. A population of trainers were significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) from the marginal mean and considered outliers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In a population of horses, big data analytics was used to confirm the effects of geography, season, prerace furosemide, gender, age, and trainer influence on blood gases and the acid-base profile.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.01.0013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,14]],"date-time":"2022-09-14T12:15:31Z","timestamp":1663157731000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Prerace venous blood gases and acid-base values in Standardbred horses: effects of geography, season, prerace furosemide, gender, age, and trainer using big data analytics"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"Lawrence R.","family":"Soma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefonovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary A.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA"},{"name":"Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Center, West Chester University, West Chester, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah S.","family":"Tsang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA"},{"name":"Pennsylvania Equine Toxicology and Research Center, West Chester University, West Chester, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joanne","family":"Haughan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ray C.","family":"Boston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, University of Pennsylvania, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"170","article-title":"Effects of prerace exercise, frusemide, sex and ambient temperature on blood sodium, bicarbonate and pH values in standardbred horses","volume":"27","author":"Frey LP","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frey LP, Kline KH, Foreman JH. 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