{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T11:18:03Z","timestamp":1696591083537},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To assess the presence of suspected pigment-associated deafness in North American yaks (<jats:italic>Bos grunniens<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>12 North American yaks, including 11 with the homozygous piebald Royal pigmentation phenotype and 1 with the heterozygous piebald Trim phenotype.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hearing was assessed using the brainstem auditory evoked response (BAER) on yaks restrained in the head gate of a grooming chute.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Five of the Royal yaks and the Trim yak had hearing in both ears. Six Royal yaks were affected; 3 were deaf in 1 ear and 3 were deaf in both ears.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>For the first time, probable sensorineural deafness has been confirmed to be present in Royal yaks. The disorder is assumed to be congenital and associated with white pigmentation, based on the pattern of occurrence in other species.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.03.0050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T14:12:43Z","timestamp":1659363163000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Deafness associated with pigmentation phenotypes in North American yaks (Bos grunniens)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"George M.","family":"Strain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Hardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Yaks, Chadron, NE"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"29","article-title":"The genetics of deafness in domestic animals","volume":"2","year":"2015","unstructured":"Strain GM. 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J Vet Intern Med. 1989;3(3):144\u2013148. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb03090.x2778748"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"231","article-title":"Postnatal development of brainstem auditory-evoked potentials, electroretinograms, and visual-evoked potentials in the calf","volume":"3","year":"1989","unstructured":"Strain GM, Graham MC, Claxton MS, Olcott BM. Postnatal development of brainstem auditory-evoked potentials, electroretinograms, and visual-evoked potentials in the calf. J Vet Intern Med. 1989;3(4):231\u2013237. doi:10.1111\/j.1939-1676.1989.tb00862.x2585370"},{"issue":"1","key":"B9","series-title":"Arch Otolaryngol","first-page":"22","article-title":"Hereditary inner-ear abnormalities in animals: relationships with human abnormalities","volume":"109","year":"1983","unstructured":"Steel KP, Bock GR. Hereditary inner-ear abnormalities in animals: relationships with human abnormalities. Arch Otolaryngol. 1983;109(1):22\u201329. doi:10.1001\/archotol.1983.008001500260056848102"},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"J Hered","first-page":"179","article-title":"A herd of glass-eyed albino Hereford cattle","volume":"57","year":"1966","unstructured":"Leipold HW, Huston K. A herd of glass-eyed albino Hereford cattle. J Hered. 1966;57(5):179\u2013182. doi:10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jhered.a1075004961565"},{"issue":"8","key":"B11","series-title":"Nat Genet","first-page":"946","article-title":"The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude","volume":"44","year":"2012","unstructured":"Qiu Q, Zhang G, Ma T. The yak genome and adaptation to life at high altitude. Nat Genet. 2012;44(8):946\u2013949. doi:10.1038\/ng.234322751099"},{"issue":"4","key":"B12","series-title":"Gigascience","first-page":"giaa029","article-title":"Continuous chromosome-scale haplotypes assembled from a single interspecies F1 hybrid of yak and cattle","volume":"9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rice ES, Koren S, Rhie A, et al. Continuous chromosome-scale haplotypes assembled from a single interspecies F1 hybrid of yak and cattle. Gigascience. 2020;9(4):giaa029. doi:10.1093\/gigascience\/giaa02932242610"},{"key":"B13","unstructured":"Bos grunniens (domestic yak). National Center for Biotechnology Information. Accessed February 21, 2022. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/genome\/11850?genome_assembly_id=744964"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"1096","article-title":"Using triallelic SNPs for determining parentage in North American yak (Bos grunniens) and estimating cattle (B. taurus) introgression","volume":"9","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kalbfleisch T, Petersen JL, Tait RG Jr, et al. Using triallelic SNPs for determining parentage in North American yak (Bos grunniens) and estimating cattle (B. taurus) introgression. 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