{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T13:38:10Z","timestamp":1772113090794,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]],"date-time":"2022-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667260800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate IL-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the synovial fluid in dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis and their relation to animals\u2019 clinical, radiographic, and thermographic disease signs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>100 joints from police working dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Synovial fluid, IL-1, and CRP levels, weight distribution, joint range of motion, thigh girth, digital thermography, and radiographic signs of the joints were recorded. Data from 4 clinical metrology instruments (CMIs) were collected. Results were compared by age, sex, and Orthopedic Foundation for Animals hip scores with the independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The sample included 100 pelvic limbs, equally distributed between left and right pelvic limbs 30 males and 20 females, with a mean age of 6.5 \u00b1 2.4 years and body weight of 26.7 \u00b1 5.2 kg. IL-1 levels, particularly above 200 pg\/mL, may be related to the development of caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte, which then expresses a toll on the patient\u2019s levels of pain and activity. It was unclear if the CRP levels were a consequence of inflammatory activity within the joint or a reflection of a better prognosis. Increasing body weight was related to worse CMI scores.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We described the relation of IL-1 and CRP synovial concentration levels with several clinical signs, diagnostic imaging, laboratory findings, and CMI results of animals with osteoarthritis. Further studies are required to determine the interest of each parameter for the prognosis and treatment monitoring.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.05.0079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]],"date-time":"2022-09-09T18:02:06Z","timestamp":1662746526000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The influence of IL-1 and C-reactive protein levels in synovial fluid of companion dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis on various clinical disease parameters"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"83","author":[{"given":"J. C.","family":"Alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Mediterr\u00e1neo de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divis\u00e3o de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Guarda Nacional Republicana, Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Lavrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Mediterr\u00e1neo de Agricultura, Medio Ambiente y Desarrollo, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, \u00c9vora, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Miguel Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Anjos of Assis Veterinary Medicine Centre, Barreiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"B1","series-title":"Arthritis Rheum","first-page":"1697","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ","volume":"64","author":"Loeser RF","year":"2012","unstructured":"Loeser RF, Goldring SR, Scanzello CR, Goldring MB. Osteoarthritis: a disease of the joint as an organ. Arthritis Rheum. 2012;64(6):1697\u20131707.22392533"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","series-title":"Clin Rheumatol","first-page":"451","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: can anti-cytokine therapy play a role in treatment?","volume":"29","author":"Calich ALG","year":"2010","unstructured":"Calich ALG, Domiciano DS, Fuller R. Osteoarthritis: can anti-cytokine therapy play a role in treatment? Clin Rheumatol. 2010;29(5):451\u2013455.20108016"},{"issue":"suppl 427","key":"B3","series-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res","first-page":"S27","article-title":"The role of cytokines in cartilage matrix degeneration in osteoarthritis. clinical orthopaedics and related research","author":"Goldring SR","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goldring SR, Goldring MB. The role of cytokines in cartilage matrix degeneration in osteoarthritis. clinical orthopaedics and related research. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004;(suppl 427):S27\u2013S36.15480070"},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"369","article-title":"Proinflammatory cytokine activities, matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content in synovial fluid of dogs with naturally acquired cranial cruciate ligament rupture","volume":"35","author":"Fujita Y","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fujita Y, Hara Y, Nezu Y, Schulz KS, Tagawa M. Proinflammatory cytokine activities, matrix metalloproteinase-3 activity, and sulfated glycosaminoglycan content in synovial fluid of dogs with naturally acquired cranial cruciate ligament rupture. Vet Surg. 2006;35(4):369\u2013376.16756618"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"F1000Res","first-page":"934","article-title":"IL-1 in osteoarthritis: time for a critical review of the literature","volume":"8","author":"Vincent TL","year":"2019","unstructured":"Vincent TL. IL-1 in osteoarthritis: time for a critical review of the literature. F1000Res. 2019;8:934."},{"key":"B6","series-title":"BMC Vet Res","first-page":"42","article-title":"The effect of robenacoxib on the concentration of C-reactive protein in synovial fluid from dogs with osteoarthritis","volume":"9","author":"Bennett D","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bennett D, Eckersall PD, Waterston M, et al. The effect of robenacoxib on the concentration of C-reactive protein in synovial fluid from dogs with osteoarthritis. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9:42.23452411"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Imaging","first-page":"212","article-title":"The hip joint and pelvis","author":"Puckler K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Puckler K, Tellhelm B, Kirberger R. The hip joint and pelvis. In: Kirberger R, McEvoy F, eds. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Musculoskeletal Imaging. Wiley; 2016:212\u2013231."},{"issue":"2","key":"B8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"233","article-title":"Use of the caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte as an early marker for future development of osteoarthritis associated with hip dysplasia in dogs","volume":"225","author":"Powers MY","year":"2004","unstructured":"Powers MY, Biery DN, Lawler DE, et al. Use of the caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte as an early marker for future development of osteoarthritis associated with hip dysplasia in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;225(2):233\u2013237.15323379"},{"issue":"4","key":"B9","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"472","article-title":"Evaluation of a radiographic caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte on the femoral neck and its relationship to degenerative joint disease and distraction index in dogs","volume":"220","author":"Mayhew PD","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mayhew PD, McKelvie PJ, Biery DN, Shofer FS, Smith GK. Evaluation of a radiographic caudolateral curvilinear osteophyte on the femoral neck and its relationship to degenerative joint disease and distraction index in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(4):472\u2013476.11860241"},{"key":"B10","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","first-page":"1190","article-title":"Gait analysis","author":"Gordon-Evans WJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gordon-Evans WJ. Gait analysis. In: Tobias K, Johnson S, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. Elsevier Saunders; 2012:1190\u20131196."},{"issue":"2","key":"B11","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"A1","article-title":"Assessing clinical relevance of weight distribution as measured on a stance analyzer through comparison with lameness determined on a pressure sensitive walkway and clinical diagnosis","volume":"31","author":"Clough WT","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clough WT, Canapp SO Jr. Assessing clinical relevance of weight distribution as measured on a stance analyzer through comparison with lameness determined on a pressure sensitive walkway and clinical diagnosis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018;31(2):A1\u2013A25."},{"key":"B12","series-title":"An International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury","article-title":"The application of medical infrared thermography in sports medicine","author":"Hildebrandt C","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hildebrandt C, Zeilberger K, John Ring EF, Raschner C. The application of medical infrared thermography in sports medicine. In: An International Perspective on Topics in Sports Medicine and Sports Injury. InTech; 2012. doi:10.5772\/28383."},{"issue":"3","key":"B13","series-title":"J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol","first-page":"20170218","article-title":"Clinical assessment of arthritic knee pain by infrared thermography","volume":"30","author":"Fokam D","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fokam D, Lehmann C. Clinical assessment of arthritic knee pain by infrared thermography. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol. 2019;30(3):20170218."},{"issue":"2","key":"B14","series-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol","first-page":"465","article-title":"Evidence of cartilage repair by joint distraction in a canine model of osteoarthritis","volume":"67","author":"Wiegant K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wiegant K, Intema F, van Roermund PM, et al. Evidence of cartilage repair by joint distraction in a canine model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67(2):465\u2013474."},{"issue":"2","key":"B15","series-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage","first-page":"175","article-title":"Spontaneous painful disease in companion animals can facilitate the development of chronic pain therapies for humans","volume":"26","author":"Lascelles BDX","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lascelles BDX, Brown DC, Maixner W, Mogil JS. Spontaneous painful disease in companion animals can facilitate the development of chronic pain therapies for humans. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2018;26(2):175\u2013183.29180098"},{"issue":"2","key":"B16","series-title":"In Pract","first-page":"42","article-title":"How do I know my animal got better?\u2019 Measuring outcomes in small animal orthopaedics","volume":"40","author":"Walton B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walton B, Cox T, Innes J. \u2018How do I know my animal got better?\u2019 Measuring outcomes in small animal orthopaedics. In Pract. 2018;40(2):42\u201350."},{"issue":"9","key":"B17","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"940","article-title":"Effects of administration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints","volume":"77","author":"Upchurch DA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Upchurch DA, Renberg WC, Roush JK, Milliken GA, Weiss ML. Effects of administration of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction and platelet-rich plasma to dogs with osteoarthritis of the hip joints. Am J Vet Res. 2016;77(9):940\u2013951.27580105"},{"key":"B18","series-title":"Top Companion Anim Med","first-page":"100407","article-title":"Investigating the probability of response bias in owner perceived pain assessment in dogs with osteoarthritis","volume":"39","author":"Essner A","year":"2020","unstructured":"Essner A, H\u00f6gberg H, Zetterberg L, Hellstr\u00f6m K, Sj\u00f6str\u00f6m R, Gust\u00e5s P. Investigating the probability of response bias in owner perceived pain assessment in dogs with osteoarthritis. Top Companion Anim Med. 2020;39:100407.32482283"},{"issue":"3","key":"B19","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"241","article-title":"The Canine Orthopedic Index. Step 2: psychometric testing","volume":"43","author":"Brown DC","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brown DC. The Canine Orthopedic Index. Step 2: psychometric testing. Vet Surg. 2014;43(3):241\u2013246.24512284"},{"issue":"12","key":"B20","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1634","article-title":"Assessing repeatability and validity of a visual analogue scale questionnaire for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs","volume":"65","author":"Hudson JT","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hudson JT, Slater MR, Taylor L, Scott HM, Kerwin SC. Assessing repeatability and validity of a visual analogue scale questionnaire for use in assessing pain and lameness in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2004;65(12):1634\u20131643.15631027"},{"issue":"12","key":"B21","series-title":"Sport Med","first-page":"795","article-title":"Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity","volume":"32","author":"Tudor-Locke C","year":"2002","unstructured":"Tudor-Locke C, Williams JE, Reis JP, Pluto D. Utility of pedometers for assessing physical activity. Sport Med. 2002;32(12):795\u2013808."},{"issue":"1","key":"B22","series-title":"Acta Vet Scand","first-page":"29","article-title":"Ranking of physiotherapeutic evaluation methods as outcome measures of stifle functionality in dogs","volume":"55","author":"Hyyti\u00e4inen HK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hyyti\u00e4inen HK, M\u00f6ls\u00e4 SH, Junnila JT, Laitinen-Vapaavuori OM, Hielm-Bj\u00f6rkman AK. Ranking of physiotherapeutic evaluation methods as outcome measures of stifle functionality in dogs. Acta Vet Scand. 2013;55(1):29.23566355"},{"issue":"3","key":"B23","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e58125","article-title":"Evaluation of construct and criterion validity for the \u2018Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs\u2019 (LOAD) clinical metrology instrument and comparison to two other instruments","volume":"8","author":"Walton MB","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walton MB, Cowderoy E, Lascelles D, Innes JF. Evaluation of construct and criterion validity for the \u2018Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs\u2019 (LOAD) clinical metrology instrument and comparison to two other instruments. PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e58125.23505459"},{"issue":"1","key":"B24","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"54","article-title":"The evaluation of limb symmetry indices using ground reaction forces collected with one or two force plates in healthy dogs","volume":"30","author":"Volstad N","year":"2017","unstructured":"Volstad N, Sandberg G, Robb S, Budsberg S. The evaluation of limb symmetry indices using ground reaction forces collected with one or two force plates in healthy dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017;30(1):54\u201358."},{"issue":"6","key":"B25","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"391","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of a weight distribution platform for the detection of objective lameness and orthopaedic disease","volume":"31","author":"Clough W","year":"2018","unstructured":"Clough W, Canapp S, Taboada L, Dycus D, Leasure C. Sensitivity and specificity of a weight distribution platform for the detection of objective lameness and orthopaedic disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2018;31(6):391\u2013395.30300913"},{"issue":"2","key":"B26","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"124","article-title":"A comparison of thermographic imaging, physical examination and modified questionnaire as an instrument to assess painful conditions in cats","volume":"15","author":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4 MH","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vainionp\u00e4\u00e4 MH, Raekallio MR, Junnila JJ, Hielm-Bj\u00f6rkman AK, Snellman MP, Vainio OM. A comparison of thermographic imaging, physical examination and modified questionnaire as an instrument to assess painful conditions in cats. J Feline Med Surg. 2013;15(2):124\u2013131.23076598"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"Clin Brief","first-page":"51","article-title":"Tips & techniques for pelvic radiography","volume":"July","author":"Armbrust LJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Armbrust LJ. Tips & techniques for pelvic radiography. Clin Brief. 2009;(July):51\u201354."},{"key":"B28","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","first-page":"824","article-title":"Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of canine hip dysplasia","author":"Smith G","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith G, Karbe G, Agnello K, McDonald-Lynch M. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and control of canine hip dysplasia. In: Tobias K, Johnston S, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. Saunders; 2011:824\u2013848."},{"issue":"4","key":"B29","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"467","article-title":"Intra- and interobserver agreement on radiographic phenotype in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia","volume":"44","author":"Fortrie RR","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fortrie RR, Verhoeven G, Broeckx B, et al. Intra- and interobserver agreement on radiographic phenotype in the diagnosis of canine hip dysplasia. Vet Surg. 2015;44(4):467\u2013473.25414132"},{"issue":"3","key":"B30","series-title":"Vet Res Commun","first-page":"163","article-title":"Serum and synovial fluid C-reactive protein level variations in dogs with degenerative joint disease and their relationships with physiological parameters","volume":"39","author":"Boal S","year":"2015","unstructured":"Boal S, Miguel Carreira L. Serum and synovial fluid C-reactive protein level variations in dogs with degenerative joint disease and their relationships with physiological parameters. Vet Res Commun. 2015;39(3):163\u2013169.26178643"},{"issue":"1","key":"B31","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"5641","article-title":"Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care","volume":"8","author":"Anderson KL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Anderson KL, O\u2019Neill DG, Brodbelt DC, et al. Prevalence, duration and risk factors for appendicular osteoarthritis in a UK dog population under primary veterinary care. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):5641."},{"issue":"7","key":"B32","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"1039","article-title":"Synovial fluid concentrations and relative potency of interleukin-1 alpha and beta in cartilage and meniscus degradation","volume":"31","author":"McNulty AL","year":"2013","unstructured":"McNulty AL, Rothfusz NE, Leddy HA, Guilak F. Synovial fluid concentrations and relative potency of interleukin-1 alpha and beta in cartilage and meniscus degradation. J Orthop Res. 2013;31(7):1039\u20131045.23483596"},{"issue":"5","key":"B33","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"770","article-title":"Correlation between synovial fluid cytokine concentrations and limb function in normal dogs and in dogs with lameness from spontaneous osteoarthritis","volume":"48","author":"Allen PI","year":"2019","unstructured":"Allen PI, Conzemius MG, Evans RB, Kiefer K. Correlation between synovial fluid cytokine concentrations and limb function in normal dogs and in dogs with lameness from spontaneous osteoarthritis. Vet Surg. 2019;48(5):770\u2013779.31032990"},{"issue":"4","key":"B34","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"443","article-title":"Comparison of body weight distribution, peak vertical force, and vertical impulse as measures of hip joint pain and efficacy of total hip replacement","volume":"41","author":"Seibert R","year":"2012","unstructured":"Seibert R, Marcellin-Little DJ, Roe SC, DePuy V, Lascelles BDX. Comparison of body weight distribution, peak vertical force, and vertical impulse as measures of hip joint pain and efficacy of total hip replacement. Vet Surg. 2012;41(4):443\u2013447. 22548436"},{"issue":"10","key":"B35","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1267","article-title":"Effects of carprofen & meloxicam on CRP, ceruloplasmin, & fibrinogen concentrations in dogs undergoing OVH","volume":"74","author":"Kum C","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kum C, Voyvoda H, Sekkin S, Karademir U, Tarimcilar T. Effects of carprofen & meloxicam on CRP, ceruloplasmin, & fibrinogen concentrations in dogs undergoing OVH. Am J Vet Res. 2013;74(10):1267\u20131273.24066910"},{"issue":"3","key":"B36","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","first-page":"342","article-title":"Canine serum C-reactive protein as a quantitative marker of the inflammatory stimulus of aseptic elective soft tissue surgery","volume":"42","author":"Kjelgaard-Hansen M","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kjelgaard-Hansen M, Strom H, Mikkelsen LF, Eriksen T, Jensen AL, Luntang-Jensen M. Canine serum C-reactive protein as a quantitative marker of the inflammatory stimulus of aseptic elective soft tissue surgery. Vet Clin Pathol. 2013;42(3):342\u2013345.23899087"},{"issue":"11","key":"B37","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"1429","article-title":"Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis","volume":"64","author":"Borer LR","year":"2003","unstructured":"Borer LR, Peel JE, Seewald W, Schawalder P, Spreng DE. Effect of carprofen, etodolac, meloxicam, or butorphanol in dogs with induced acute synovitis. Am J Vet Res. 2003;64(11):1429\u20131437.14620781"},{"issue":"8","key":"B38","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"827","article-title":"Effects of treatment with polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-reactive protein concentrations, serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, and lameness in dogs with osteoarthritis","volume":"68","author":"Fujiki M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fujiki M, Shineha J, Yamanokuchi K, Misumi K, Sakamoto H. Effects of treatment with polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on serum cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and C-reactive protein concentrations, serum matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 activities, and lameness in dogs with osteoarthritis. Am J Vet Res. 2007;68(8):827\u2013833.17669022"},{"issue":"2","key":"B39","series-title":"Gene","first-page":"184","article-title":"Pain assessment in animal models of osteoarthritis","volume":"537","author":"Piel MJ","year":"2014","unstructured":"Piel MJ, Kroin JS, Van Wijnen AJ, Kc R, Im HJ. Pain assessment in animal models of osteoarthritis. Gene. 2014;537(2):184\u2013188.24333346"},{"issue":"516","key":"B40","series-title":"Sci Transl Med","first-page":"eaaw9993","article-title":"A randomized clinical efficacy study targeting mPGES1 or EP4 in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis","volume":"11","author":"Robertson-Plouch C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robertson-Plouch C, Stille JR, Liu P, et al. A randomized clinical efficacy study targeting mPGES1 or EP4 in dogs with spontaneous osteoarthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2019;11(516):eaaw9993.31666405"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/11\/ajvr.22.05.0079.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/11\/ajvr.22.05.0079.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/11\/ajvr.22.05.0079.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T21:02:23Z","timestamp":1696539743000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/83\/11\/ajvr.22.05.0079.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.22.05.0079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,1]]}}}