{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,17]],"date-time":"2026-01-17T03:59:31Z","timestamp":1768622371778,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]],"date-time":"2022-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671408000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the time-course of ampicillin-sulbactam and percentage of time that its concentration is above a given MIC (T% &gt; MIC) in dogs with septic peritonitis when delivered as either a continuous infusion (CI) or intermittent infusion (II).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>11 dogs with septic peritonitis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Dogs were randomized to receive ampicillin-sulbactam as either CI or II. Continuous infusions were delivered as a 50 mg\/kg bolus IV followed by a rate of 0.1 mg\/kg\/min. Intermittent infusions were administered as 50 mg\/kg IV q8h. Serum ampicillin-sulbactam concentrations were measured at hours 0, 1, 6, and every 12 hours after until patients were transitioned to an oral antimicrobial equivalent. All other care was at the discretion of the attending clinician. Statistical analysis was used to determine each patient's percentage of time T% &gt; MIC for 4 MIC breakpoints (0.25, 1.25, 8, and 16 \u00b5g\/mL).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>No dogs experienced adverse events related to ampicillin-sulbactam administration. Both CI and II maintained a T% &gt; MIC of 100% of MIC 0.25 \u00b5g\/mL and MIC 1.25 \u00b5g\/mL. The CI group maintained a higher T% &gt; MIC for MIC 8 \u00b5g\/mL and MIC 16 \u00b5g\/mL; however, these differences did not reach statistical significance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .15 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .12, respectively).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study could not demonstrate that ampicillin-sulbactam CI maintains a greater T% &gt; MIC in dogs with septic peritonitis than II; however, marginal differences were noted at higher antimicrobial breakpoints. While these data support the use of antimicrobial CI in septic and critically ill patients, additional prospective trials are needed to fully define the optimal doses and the associated clinical responses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.08.0139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T17:12:41Z","timestamp":1671124361000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of continuous and intermittent infusions of ampicillin-sulbactam in dogs with septic peritonitis"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Samuel D.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beth","family":"Eisenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Ethos Veterinary Health, Woburn, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Sakakeeny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment and Specialties, Walpole, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tara N.","family":"Hammond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Tufts Veterinary Emergency Treatment and Specialties, Walpole, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Schneider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Mochel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SMART Pharmacology, Iowa State College of Veterinary Medicine, Ames, IA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tianjian","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181961bff","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic issues for antibiotics in the critically ill patient","volume":"37","author":"Roberts JA","year":"2009","unstructured":"Roberts JA, Lipman J. Pharmacokinetic issues for antibiotics in the critically ill patient. Crit Care Med. 2009;37(3):840\u2013851. doi:10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181961bff10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181961bff"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00463.x","article-title":"Antimicrobial therapy and aerobic bacteriologic culture patterns in canine intensive care unit patients: 74 dogs (January\u2013June 2006)","volume":"19","author":"Black DM","year":"2009","unstructured":"Black DM, Rankin SC, King LG. Antimicrobial therapy and aerobic bacteriologic culture patterns in canine intensive care unit patients: 74 dogs (January\u2013June 2006). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2009;19(5):489\u2013495. doi:10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00463.x10.1111\/j.1476-4431.2009.00463.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"Intensive Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016","volume":"43","author":"Rhodes A","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, et al. Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock: 2016. Intensive Care Med. 2017;43(3):304\u2013377. doi:10.1007\/s00134-017-4683-610.1007\/s00134-017-4683-6"},{"issue":"9","key":"B4","series-title":"Pharmacotherapy","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.31.9.912","article-title":"Revisiting \u201colder\u201d antimicrobials in the era of multidrug resistance","volume":"31","author":"Pogue JM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pogue JM, Marchaim D, Kaye D, Kaye KS. Revisiting \u201colder\u201d antimicrobials in the era of multidrug resistance. Pharmacotherapy. 2011;31(9):912\u2013921. doi:10.1592\/phco.31.9.91210.1592\/phco.31.9.912"},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770202","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.770202","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid in healthy and critically ill dogs","volume":"8","author":"Vegas C\u00f3mitre MD","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vegas C\u00f3mitre MD, Cortellini S, Cherlet M, et al. Population pharmacokinetics of intravenous amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid in healthy and critically ill dogs. Front Vet Sci. 2021;8:770202.10.3389\/fvets.2021.770202"},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.02.002","article-title":"Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe infections: a review of its role","volume":"30","author":"Roberts JA","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roberts JA, Paratz J, Paratz E, Krueger WA, Lipman J. Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe infections: a review of its role. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007;30(1):11\u201318. doi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.02.00210.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.02.002"},{"issue":"2","key":"B7","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.021","article-title":"Prolonging \u03b2-lactam infusion: a review of the rationale and evidence, and guidance for implementation","volume":"43","author":"MacVane SH","year":"2014","unstructured":"MacVane SH, Kuti JL, Nicolau DP. Prolonging \u03b2-lactam infusion: a review of the rationale and evidence, and guidance for implementation. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014;43(2):105\u2013113. doi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.02110.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.10.021"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B","article-title":"2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference","volume":"31","author":"Levy MM","year":"2003","unstructured":"Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al. 2001 SCCM\/ESICM\/ACCP\/ATS\/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Crit Care Med. 2003;31(4):1250\u20131256.10.1097\/01.CCM.0000050454.01978.3B"},{"issue":"3","key":"B9","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.12842","article-title":"Antibiotic use in critical illness","volume":"29","author":"Stewart SD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Stewart SD, Allen S. Antibiotic use in critical illness. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 2019;29(3):227\u2013238. doi:10.1111\/vec.1284210.1111\/vec.12842"},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"Crit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R206","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10441","article-title":"Antibiotics in critically ill patients: a systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of \u03b2-lactams","volume":"15","author":"Gon\u00e7alves-Pereira J","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves-Pereira J, P\u00f3voa P. Antibiotics in critically ill patients: a systematic review of the pharmacokinetics of \u03b2-lactams. Crit Care. 2011;15(5):R206. doi:10.1186\/cc1044110.1186\/cc10441"},{"issue":"4","key":"B11","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E68","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12666","article-title":"Population variability in animal health: Influence on dose-exposure-response relationships: part II: modelling and simulation","volume":"41","author":"Martinez MN","year":"2018","unstructured":"Martinez MN, Gehring R, Mochel JP, Pade D, Pelligand L. Population variability in animal health: Influence on dose-exposure-response relationships: part II: modelling and simulation. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2018;41(4):E68\u2013E76. doi:10.1111\/jvp.1266610.1111\/jvp.12666"},{"issue":"2","key":"B12","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12473","article-title":"Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part III: Using nonlinear mixed-effects to characterize and quantify variability in drug pharmacokinetics","volume":"41","author":"Bon C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bon C, Toutain PL, Concordet D, et al. Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part III: Using nonlinear mixed-effects to characterize and quantify variability in drug pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2018;41(2):171\u2013183. doi:10.1111\/jvp.1247310.1111\/jvp.12473"},{"issue":"5","key":"B13","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12311","article-title":"Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part II: principles, methods, applications, and value of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in veterinary medicine and food safety assessment","volume":"39","author":"Lin Z","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lin Z, Gehring R, Mochel JP, Lav\u00e9 T, Riviere JE. Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part II: principles, methods, applications, and value of physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling in veterinary medicine and food safety assessment. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2016;39(5):421\u2013438. doi:10.1111\/jvp.1231110.1111\/jvp.12311"},{"issue":"3","key":"B14","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/jvp.12278","article-title":"Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part I: moving beyond pharmacokinetics","volume":"39","author":"Riviere JE","year":"2016","unstructured":"Riviere JE, Gabrielsson J, Fink M, Mochel J. Mathematical modeling and simulation in animal health. Part I: moving beyond pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2016;39(3):213\u2013223. doi:10.1111\/jvp.1227810.1111\/jvp.12278"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","series-title":"Crit Care Resusc","first-page":"179","article-title":"A protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial of continuous beta-lactam infusion compared with intermittent beta-lactam dosing in critically ill patients with severe sepsis: the BLING II study","volume":"15","author":"Dulhunty JM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dulhunty JM, Roberts JA, Davis JS, et al. A protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial of continuous beta-lactam infusion compared with intermittent beta-lactam dosing in critically ill patients with severe sepsis: the BLING II study. Crit Care Resusc. 2013;15(3):179\u2013185."},{"issue":"6","key":"B16","series-title":"Lancet Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70036-2","article-title":"Individualised antibiotic dosing for patients who are critically ill: challenges and potential solutions","volume":"14","author":"Roberts JA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts JA, Abdul-Aziz MH, Lipman J, et al. Individualised antibiotic dosing for patients who are critically ill: challenges and potential solutions. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14(6):498\u2013509. doi:10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70036-210.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70036-2"},{"issue":"5","key":"B17","series-title":"J Crit Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.03.003","article-title":"Augmented renal clearance is a common finding with worse clinical outcome in critically ill patients receiving antimicrobial therapy","volume":"28","author":"Claus BO","year":"2013","unstructured":"Claus BO, Hoste EA, Colpaert K, Robays H, Decruyenaere J, De Waele JJ. Augmented renal clearance is a common finding with worse clinical outcome in critically ill patients receiving antimicrobial therapy. J Crit Care. 2013;28(5):695\u2013700. doi:10.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.03.00310.1016\/j.jcrc.2013.03.003"},{"issue":"4","key":"B18","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.009","article-title":"Evaluation of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) as predictors of outcome for cefepime and ceftazidime in serious bacterial infections","volume":"31","author":"McKinnon PS","year":"2008","unstructured":"McKinnon PS, Paladino JA, Schentag JJ. Evaluation of area under the inhibitory curve (AUIC) and time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (T>MIC) as predictors of outcome for cefepime and ceftazidime in serious bacterial infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2008;31(4):345\u2013351. doi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.00910.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2007.12.009"},{"issue":"2","key":"B19","series-title":"Clin Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis856","article-title":"Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe sepsis: a multicenter double-blind, randomized controlled trial","volume":"56","author":"Dulhunty JM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dulhunty JM, Roberts JA, Davis JS, et al. Continuous infusion of beta-lactam antibiotics in severe sepsis: a multicenter double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;56(2):236\u2013244. doi:10.1093\/cid\/cis85610.1093\/cid\/cis856"},{"issue":"21","key":"B20","series-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp110562","article-title":"National survey on continuous and extended infusions of antibiotics","volume":"69","author":"George JM","year":"2012","unstructured":"George JM, Colton BJ, Rodvold KA. National survey on continuous and extended infusions of antibiotics. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2012;69(21):1895\u20131904. doi:10.2146\/ajhp11056210.2146\/ajhp110562"},{"issue":"3","key":"B21","series-title":"J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1111\/vec.13038","article-title":"Clinical features and outcome of septic shock in dogs: 37 cases (2008\u20132015)","volume":"31","author":"Summers AM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Summers AM, Vezzi N, Gravelyn T, Culler C, Guillaumin J. Clinical features and outcome of septic shock in dogs: 37 cases (2008\u20132015). J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio). 31(3):360\u2013370, 2020.10.1111\/vec.13038"},{"issue":"3","key":"B22","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.015","article-title":"Comparative Activity of Carbapenem Testing (COMPACT) study in Germany","volume":"39","author":"Valenza G","year":"2012","unstructured":"Valenza G, Seifert H, Decker-Burgard S, Laeuffer J, Morrissey I, Mutters R. Comparative Activity of Carbapenem Testing (COMPACT) study in Germany. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2012;39(3):255\u2013258. doi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.01510.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2011.10.015"},{"key":"B23","year":"2020","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria Isolated from Animals. 5th ed. CLSI; 2020."},{"key":"B24","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. M100 Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. 31st ed. CLSI; 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"B25","series-title":"Ann Intensive Care","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/2110-5820-2-22","article-title":"Continuous infusion of antibiotics in the critically ill: The new holy grail for beta-lactams and vancomycin?","volume":"2","author":"Van Herendael B","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Herendael B, Jeurissen A, Tulkens PM, et al. Continuous infusion of antibiotics in the critically ill: The new holy grail for beta-lactams and vancomycin? Ann Intensive Care. 2012;2(1):22. doi:10.1186\/2110-5820-2-2210.1186\/2110-5820-2-22"},{"issue":"4","key":"B26","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.4.733","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of activity of ceftazidime during continuous and intermittent infusion","volume":"41","author":"Mouton JW","year":"1997","unstructured":"Mouton JW, Vinks AA, Punt NC. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic modeling of activity of ceftazidime during continuous and intermittent infusion. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41(4):733\u2013738. doi:10.1128\/AAC.41.4.73310.1128\/AAC.41.4.733"},{"key":"B27","series-title":"J Infect Dis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S132","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa118","article-title":"Optimizing pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial management in patients with sepsis: a review","volume":"222","author":"Phe K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Phe K, Heil EL, Tam VH. Optimizing pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial management in patients with sepsis: a review. J Infect Dis. 2020;222(Suppl 2):S132\u2013S141. doi:10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa11810.1093\/infdis\/jiaa118"},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16026","article-title":"Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in azotemic and healthy dogs","volume":"35","author":"Monaghan KN","year":"2021","unstructured":"Monaghan KN, Labato MA, Papich MG. Ampicillin pharmacokinetics in azotemic and healthy dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2021;35(2):987\u2013992. doi:10.1111\/jvim.1602610.1111\/jvim.16026"},{"issue":"5","key":"B29","series-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.25.5.599","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of sultamicillin in mice, rats, and dogs","volume":"25","author":"English AR","year":"1984","unstructured":"English AR, Girard D, Haskell SL. Pharmacokinetics of sultamicillin in mice, rats, and dogs. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1984;25(5):599\u2013602. doi:10.1128\/AAC.25.5.59910.1128\/AAC.25.5.599"},{"issue":"12","key":"B30","series-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.2174\/138920111798808374","article-title":"The relevance of drug clearance to antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients","volume":"12","author":"Roberts DM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts DM. The relevance of drug clearance to antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2011;12(12):2002\u20132014. doi:10.2174\/13892011179880837410.2174\/138920111798808374"},{"issue":"9","key":"B31","series-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-018-0636-7","article-title":"Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Bilbao-Meseguer I","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bilbao-Meseguer I, Rodr\u00edguez-Gasc\u00f3n A, Barrasa H, Isla A, Solin\u00eds M. Augmented renal clearance in critically ill patients: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2018;57(9):1107\u20131121. doi:10.1007\/s40262-018-0636-710.1007\/s40262-018-0636-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"B32","series-title":"Infect Dis Ther","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1007\/s40121-020-00310-9","article-title":"Pharmacists' knowledge about the impact of augmented renal clearance on antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study","volume":"9","author":"Almulhim AS","year":"2020","unstructured":"Almulhim AS, Al-Dahneen BA, Alsowaida YS. Pharmacists' knowledge about the impact of augmented renal clearance on antimicrobial dosing in critically ill patients: a cross-sectional study. Infect Dis Ther. 2020;9(3):599\u2013608. doi:10.1007\/s40121-020-00310-910.1007\/s40121-020-00310-9"},{"issue":"4","key":"B33","series-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.017","article-title":"Augmented renal clearance, low \u03b2-lactam concentrations and clinical outcomes in the critically ill: an observational prospective cohort study","volume":"45","author":"Huttner A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Huttner A, Von Dach E, Renzoni A, et al. Augmented renal clearance, low \u03b2-lactam concentrations and clinical outcomes in the critically ill: an observational prospective cohort study. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015;45(4):385\u2013392. doi:10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.01710.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.017"},{"issue":"6","key":"B34","series-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201601-0024OC","article-title":"Continuous versus intermittent \u03b2-lactam infusion in severe sepsis. a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials","volume":"194","author":"Roberts JA","year":"2016","unstructured":"Roberts JA, Abdul-Aziz MH, Davis JS, et al. Continuous versus intermittent \u03b2-lactam infusion in severe sepsis. a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2016;194(6):681\u2013691. doi:10.1164\/rccm.201601-0024OC10.1164\/rccm.201601-0024OC"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.08.0139\/ajvr.22.08.0139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.08.0139\/ajvr.22.08.0139.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.08.0139\/ajvr.22.08.0139.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,15]],"date-time":"2022-12-15T17:12:44Z","timestamp":1671124364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.08.0139\/ajvr.22.08.0139.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]},"references-count":34,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.22.08.0139","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,19]]}}}