{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,14]],"date-time":"2023-01-14T06:15:42Z","timestamp":1673676942359},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]],"date-time":"2023-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674086400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine whether dogs with cytochrome b<jats:sub>5<\/jats:sub> reductase (CYB5R) deficiency have a constitutive proinflammatory phenotype, characterize hematologic and serum chemistry results, and describe changes in methemoglobin (MetHb) levels and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations after long-term per os (PO) methylene blue (MB) therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>21 client-owned dogs (CYB5R deficient, n = 10; healthy controls, 11).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this prospective, case-control study, methemoglobin levels were measured using a blood gas analyzer with co-oximetry. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) concentrations were measured using a canine-specific multiplex bead-based assay. Serum CRP concentrations were measured with a canine-specific commercial ELISA kit. Serum CRP concentration and MetHb levels were measured in 6 dogs with CYB5R deficiency after \u2265 60 days of PO MB therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>As expected, MetHb levels were higher in dogs with CYB5R deficiency compared to controls (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). Plasma TNF-\u03b1, IL-6, IL-10, and serum CRP concentrations were no different between CYB5R-deficient and control dogs. Dogs with CYB5R deficiency had lower absolute lymphocyte (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .005) and eosinophil counts (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04) and higher alanine transaminase (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04) and alkaline phosphatase activity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02) than controls, but these changes were not clinically relevant. Methemoglobin levels decreased after PO MB therapy (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .03).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results suggest that otherwise healthy dogs with CYB5R deficiency do not have a constitutive proinflammatory phenotype and clinically relevant abnormalities in hematologic and serum chemistry panels are not expected. Dogs with decreased quality of life attributed to methemoglobinemia from CYB5R deficiency might benefit from PO MB therapy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.09.0155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,13]],"date-time":"2023-01-13T13:16:32Z","timestamp":1673615792000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Inflammatory phenotype, clinicopathologic variables, and effects of long-term methylene blue in dogs with hereditary methemoglobinemia caused by cytochrome b5 reductase deficiency"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Jared A.","family":"Jaffey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Specialty Medicine, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn L.","family":"Wycislo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Midwestern University College of Veterinary Medicine, Glendale, AZ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Clin Pathol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00108.x","article-title":"Pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, and clinical implications of erythrocyte enzyme deficiencies in dogs, cats, and horses","volume":"35","author":"Harvey JW","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harvey JW. 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