{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,18]],"date-time":"2023-02-18T05:38:11Z","timestamp":1676698691626},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676937600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">Limb lymphedema in horses can be debilitating and painful. Pneumatic compression therapy has shown significant benefits for people suffering from lymphedema. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a novel, equine-specific pneumatic compression device on the lymphatic flow of healthy horse forelimbs as determined by Tc-99m sulfur colloid lymphoscintigraphy.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">6 healthy Thoroughbreds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">In a randomized crossover design, horses underwent bilateral forelimb lymphoscintigraphy following subcutaneous injection of Tc-99m sulfur colloid at the coronary band as untreated control or with pneumatic compression therapy using the EQ Press. Lateral, static images were obtained of the distal limb (time 0 to 60 minutes) and proximal limb (time 30 to 60 minutes) using a standard gamma camera. Lymphatic flow was determined by assigning a score to the time point at which Tc-99m sulfur colloid was first visualized at the level of the accessory carpal bone (1 to 7) in the distal limb and the cubital lymph node (1 to 4) in the proximal limb.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">EQ Press treatment led to a significantly faster lymphatic flow of Tc-99m sulfur colloid to the predetermined anatomic locations of the accessory carpal bone (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .002) in the distal limb and the cubital lymph node (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .001) in the proximal limb.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p content-type=\"noindent\">Pneumatic compression therapy as provided by an equine-specific device encouraged lymphatic flow in healthy, nonedematous equine forelimbs. These data support further study of the EQ Press for pneumatic compression therapy in horses clinically affected by lymphedema and lymphatic drainage disorders.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.22.12.0214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T13:12:33Z","timestamp":1676639553000},"page":"1-6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pneumatic compression therapy using the EQ Press accelerates lymphatic flow in healthy equine forelimbs as determined by lymphoscintigraphy"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Drew W.","family":"Koch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren V.","family":"Schnabel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"},{"name":"Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Justin","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clifford R.","family":"Berry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Equine Internal Medicine","author":"Reed SM","year":"2010","unstructured":"Reed SM, Bayly WM, Sellon DC. Equine Internal Medicine. 3rd ed. Saunders\/Elsevier; 2010."},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Lymphatic Res Biol","first-page":"191","article-title":"Progressive swelling, hyperkeratosis, and fibrosis of distal limbs in Clydesdales, Shires, and Belgian draft horses, suggestive of primary lymphedema","volume":"1","author":"de Cock HEV","year":"2003","unstructured":"de Cock HEV, Affolter VK, Wisner ER, Ferraro GL, MacLachlan NJ. Progressive swelling, hyperkeratosis, and fibrosis of distal limbs in Clydesdales, Shires, and Belgian draft horses, suggestive of primary lymphedema. Lymphatic Res Biol. 2003;1(3):191\u2013199. doi:10.1089\/153968503768330238"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"260","article-title":"Chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses: chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses","volume":"47","author":"de Keyser K","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Keyser K, Janssens S, Buys N. Chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses: chronic progressive lymphoedema in draught horses. Equine Vet J. 2015;47(3):260\u2013266. doi:10.1111\/evj.12256"},{"issue":"3","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract","first-page":"589","article-title":"Chronic progressive lymphedema in draft horses","volume":"29","author":"Affolter VK","year":"2013","unstructured":"Affolter VK. Chronic progressive lymphedema in draft horses. Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract. 2013;29(3):589\u2013605. doi:10.1016\/j.cveq.2013.08.007"},{"issue":"3","key":"B5","series-title":"Vet Dermatol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Chronic progressive lymphoedema in Friesian horses: suggestive phenotype of affected horses and genome-wide association study","volume":"31","author":"Affolter VK","year":"2020","unstructured":"Affolter VK, Dalley B, Kass PH, Brown EA, Sonder C, Bannasch DL. Chronic progressive lymphoedema in Friesian horses: suggestive phenotype of affected horses and genome-wide association study. Vet Dermatol. 2020;31(3):234. doi:10.1111\/vde.12831"},{"issue":"2","key":"B6","series-title":"J Innov Opt Health Sci","first-page":"1650049","article-title":"Effect of pneumatic compression therapy on lymph movement in lymphedema-affected extremities, as assessed by near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging","volume":"10","author":"Aldrich MB","year":"2017","unstructured":"Aldrich MB, Gross D, Morrow JR, Fife CE, Rasmussen JC. Effect of pneumatic compression therapy on lymph movement in lymphedema-affected extremities, as assessed by near-infrared fluorescence lymphatic imaging. J Innov Opt Health Sci. 2017;10(2):1650049. doi:10.1142\/S1793545816500498"},{"issue":"1","key":"B7","series-title":"Biomed Opt Express","first-page":"114","article-title":"Direct evidence of lymphatic function improvement after advanced pneumatic compression device treatment of lymphedema","volume":"1","author":"Adams KE","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adams KE, Rasmussen JC, Darne C, et al. Direct evidence of lymphatic function improvement after advanced pneumatic compression device treatment of lymphedema. Biomed Opt Express. 2010;1(1):114. doi:10.1364\/BOE.1.000114"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg","first-page":"622","article-title":"Head and neck lymphedema: treatment response to single and multiple sessions of advanced pneumatic compression therapy","volume":"160","author":"Gutierrez C","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gutierrez C, Karni RJ, Naqvi S, et al. Head and neck lymphedema: treatment response to single and multiple sessions of advanced pneumatic compression therapy. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019;160(4):622\u2013626. doi:10.1177\/0194599818823180"},{"issue":"1","key":"B9","series-title":"Lymphology","first-page":"1","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology","volume":"46","year":"2013","unstructured":"International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2013 Consensus Document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology. 2013;46(1):1\u201311."},{"key":"B10","series-title":"BMC Cancer","first-page":"84","article-title":"A pilot, prospective evaluation of a novel alternative for maintenance therapy of breast cancer-associated lymphedema [ISRCTN76522412]","volume":"6","author":"Wilburn O","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wilburn O, Wilburn P, Rockson SG. A pilot, prospective evaluation of a novel alternative for maintenance therapy of breast cancer-associated lymphedema [ISRCTN76522412]. BMC Cancer. 2006;6:84. doi:10.1186\/1471-2407-6-84"},{"issue":"2","key":"B11","series-title":"Lymphology","first-page":"56","article-title":"A randomized study comparing manual lymph drainage with sequential pneumatic compression for treatment of postoperative arm lymphedema","volume":"31","author":"Johansson K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Johansson K, Lie E, Ekdahl C, Lindfeldt J. A randomized study comparing manual lymph drainage with sequential pneumatic compression for treatment of postoperative arm lymphedema. Lymphology. 1998;31(2):56\u201364."},{"issue":"10","key":"B12","series-title":"Arch Surg","first-page":"1116","article-title":"Sequential pneumatic compression for lymphedema: a controlled trial","volume":"120","author":"Richmand DM","year":"1985","unstructured":"Richmand DM. Sequential pneumatic compression for lymphedema: a controlled trial. Arch Surg. 1985;120(10):1116. doi:10.1001\/archsurg.1985.01390340014002"},{"issue":"11","key":"B13","series-title":"JAMA Dermatol","first-page":"1187","article-title":"The cutaneous, net clinical, and health economic benefits of advanced pneumatic compression devices in patients with lymphedema","volume":"151","author":"Karaca-Mandic P","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karaca-Mandic P, Hirsch AT, Rockson SG, Ridner SH. The cutaneous, net clinical, and health economic benefits of advanced pneumatic compression devices in patients with lymphedema. JAMA Dermatol. 2015;151(11):1187\u20131193. doi:10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.1895"},{"issue":"2","key":"B14","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"148","article-title":"Lymphoscintigraphy of draught horses with chronic progressive lymphoedema","volume":"38","author":"de Cock HEV","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Cock HEV, Affolter VK, Wisner ER, Larson RF, Ferraro GL. Lymphoscintigraphy of draught horses with chronic progressive lymphoedema. Equine Vet J. 2006;38(2):148\u2013151. doi:10.2746\/042516406776563297"},{"issue":"3","key":"B15","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"311","article-title":"What is your diagnosis?","volume":"242","author":"Boswell SG","year":"2013","unstructured":"Boswell SG, Fogle CA, Linder K, Copple CN. What is your diagnosis? J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2013;242(3):311\u2013313. doi:10.2460\/javma.242.3.311"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.12.0214\/ajvr.22.12.0214.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.12.0214\/ajvr.22.12.0214.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.12.0214\/ajvr.22.12.0214.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T13:12:33Z","timestamp":1676639553000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.22.12.0214\/ajvr.22.12.0214.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]},"references-count":15,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.22.12.0214","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]]}}}