{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T04:40:36Z","timestamp":1683261636109},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]],"date-time":"2023-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine whether axial twisting within an ending loop negatively impacts maximum load to failure and failure mode of suture knots.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>525 knots (15 samples each of 7 different suture types\/sizes tested in 5 knot-twist configurations each).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Each suture type (polydioxanone [PDO], Monoderm [polyglecaprone 25], and Nylon) and size (1, 0, 2-0, 3-0) were used to create a starting square knot, and each of the following ending square knot configurations: 0 twists, 1 twist, 4 twists, and 10 twists. Each suture was tested for failure using a universal testing machine (Instron, Instron Corp) with a 100 kg load cell at a speed of 100 mm\/min. Each suture and knot was evaluated for a mode of failure using gross evaluation of the knots and video footage recorded during testing. Maximum load at failure (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-value set at .005) and failure mode (p-value set at 0.003) were recorded for each group.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Maximum load at failure was decreased in knots tied within ending loops containing more twists for some types and sizes of the suture. With 4 twists, 0-PDO, 1 PDO, and 2-0 Nylon was more likely to fail at the knot than knots with 0 twists. All sutures containing 10 twists, except 3-0 Monoderm, were more likely to fail at the knot than knots with 0 twists.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The number of twists within the ending loop may not increase the risk of failure at the knot; however, it can decrease the maximum load to failure at a knot, particularly as the suture size increases.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.01.0003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T12:26:34Z","timestamp":1683203194000},"page":"1-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Axial twisting within an ending loop of a continuous suture pattern effects the biomechanical properties of knots of certain suture sizes and types"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"MacKenzie A.","family":"Whyte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Upchurch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Stroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Polymers","first-page":"147","article-title":"Physical and mechanical evaluation of five suture materials on three knot configurations: an in vitro study","volume":"8","author":"Abell\u00e1n D","year":"2016","unstructured":"Abell\u00e1n D, Nart J, Pascual A, Cohen R, Sanz-Moliner J. 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