{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T21:51:24Z","timestamp":1791841884899,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine pulmonary anthracosis in zoo, wildlife, and companion animals of Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 350 animals of 61 different species, belonging to 3 classes (mammals: n = 38; avian: 21; and reptiles: 2) from different habitats in Jeollabuk-do Province, were examined.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Gross lung examination and tissue sampling were done at postmortem, and histopathological analysis was microscopically done on hematoxylin and eosin\u2013stained slides.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Macroscopic analysis of anthracotic lung tissue revealed minute (pinpoint size) spots and black pigmentation in a scattered and\/or coalescing fashion. The presence of carbon particles was noted in 154 (44%, 154\/350) cases. Based on habitation, zoo animals had the highest frequency of anthracosis in the lung (55.2%, 69\/125), followed by companion animals (45.2%, 56\/124) and wildlife animals (28.7%, 29\/101). There was an association between habitation and the presence of anthracosis (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study revealed evidence that the presence of anthracosis is associated with the environmental air quality of zoo, wildlife, and companion animals in Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea. Air pollution may affect the respiratory health of the endangered species at the Jeonju Zoo as well as the human population. Continuous monitoring of particulate matter and establishing policies that control industrialization around the province would enable quick action to curb any potential respiratory health risks to animals kept in the urban cities of the province.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.01.0016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T15:18:35Z","timestamp":1689693515000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The presence of anthracosis is associated with the environmental air quality of zoo, wildlife, and companion animals in Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"84","author":[{"given":"Mwense","family":"Leya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byungkwan","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seungmin","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huyen Ton Nu","family":"Bao Tien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jang Ock","family":"Cha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seok-Chan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Ik","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Jeonbuk Wildlife Center, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chae Woong","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bumseok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Tanaffos","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anthracosis of the lungs: etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis: a review","volume":"13","author":"Mirsadraee M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mirsadraee M. 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