{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T08:55:34Z","timestamp":1768726534535,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The objectives of this study were to quantify lymphocytes and eosinophils in the mucosa of the duodenum and rectum in asthmatic horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>8 healthy and 10 asthmatic horses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Asthmatic horses were evaluated in a symptomatic (after 6 weeks of exposure to moldy hay) and asymptomatic status (3 and 7 months after being fed alfalfa pellets [n = 4] or treated with inhaled fluticasone [6]). Duodenal and rectal biopsies were endoscopically (n = 4 to 6) taken in each horse. Eosinophils were counted on slides stained with hematoxylin, eosin, phloxine, and saffron, and immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate T and B lymphocytes using CD3 and CD20, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The duodenal and rectal epithelium of asthmatic and control horses contained exclusively T lymphocytes (CD3). Symptomatic asthmatic horses, compared to controls, had a significantly higher number of T lymphocytes (CD3) in the duodenal epithelium (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .016) and the adjacent lamina propria of the villi (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .04). Compared to symptomatic asthmatic horses, the fluticasone-treated group had significantly fewer T lymphocytes in the total lamina propria of the rectal mucosa (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Taken together, these results suggest that asthmatic horses have greater infiltration of T lymphocytes in the duodenal and rectal mucosa, indicating a certain degree of inflammation, which could be due to a systemic inflammatory effect and\/or a local effect of ingested hay allergens in asthmatic horses. Systemic markers of inflammation have not been investigated to better qualify if the infiltration noted is due to a local and\/or systemic effect.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.04.0083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T12:33:36Z","timestamp":1690979616000},"page":"1-10","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["B- and T-cell lymphocytes and other immune cell infiltration in the duodenal and rectal mucosa of severe asthmatic horses"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9line","family":"Loubi\u00e8re","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peggy","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ANSES Laboratory of Animal Health\u2013Site of Normandie, Goustranville, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rullier","family":"Marine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"H\u00e9lie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"B1","series-title":"Respirology","first-page":"1027","article-title":"Heaves, an asthma-like disease of horses","volume":"16","author":"Leclere M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Leclere M, Lavoie-Lamoureux A, Lavoie JP. 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