{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T18:10:02Z","timestamp":1727806202109},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]],"date-time":"2024-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1706745600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study determined the in vitro efficacy of 6 common anthelmintics (eprinomectin, ivermectin, milbemycin oxime, moxidectin, selamectin, and fenbendazole) on motility (viability) of infectious third-stage larvae (L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>) of <jats:italic>Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Aelurostrongylus abstrusus<\/jats:italic>, which are important causes of canine and feline cardiopulmonary disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>SAMPLES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>First-stage larvae (L<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>) from <jats:italic>C vulpis, An vasorum<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>Ae abstrusus.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>PROCEDURES<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Na\u00efve <jats:italic>Limax maximus<\/jats:italic> slugs were fed 1,000 to 2,000 L<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> and held at 16 \u00b0C for at least 4 weeks to produce live L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>. Approximately 50 to 100 L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\/well were subsequently incubated in culture media alone or media containing 6 separate test anthelmintics at 4 concentrations, to bracket expected in vivo drug plasma levels in anthelmintic-treated dogs and cats. Drug effects on L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> motility (viability) were analyzed by multilevel logistic models, generating dose-response relationships. Experiments were completed 1-9\/2019.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Drug concentration estimates corresponding to a 50% larval mortality rate identified that <jats:italic>C vulpis<\/jats:italic> was the most sensitive species to the anthelmintics tested. <jats:italic>Ae abstrusus<\/jats:italic> was most susceptible to moxidectin and selamectin, while <jats:italic>An vasorum<\/jats:italic> was insusceptible to all anthelmintics tested, except for selamectin at high drug concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The in vitro anthelmintic response to antiparasitic agents may guide and improve disease therapy and prevention. Considering the observed lack of efficacy against L<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>, monthly anthelmintic treatment for protection against <jats:italic>An vasorum<\/jats:italic> infection in dogs would primarily rely on the anthelmintic\u2019s adulticidal activity. Maximal preventive control for <jats:italic>An vasorum<\/jats:italic> would, therefore, require at least 1 treatment administered a minimum of 1 week after the end of the transmission season.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.06.0123","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,18]],"date-time":"2023-12-18T19:27:40Z","timestamp":1702927660000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["An in vitro larval motility assay characterizes anthelmintic efficacy against Crenosoma vulpis, Angiostrongylus vasorum, and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Haifaa A.","family":"Mahjoub","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biological Sciences Department, College of Sciences & Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Bedenice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Stryhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenny","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Spencer J.","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Conboy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"1109","article-title":"Helminth parasites of the canine and feline respiratory tract","volume":"39","author":"Conboy G","year":"2009","unstructured":"Conboy G. 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