{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T15:19:42Z","timestamp":1694791182638},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]],"date-time":"2023-09-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1694995200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,18]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To assess the feasibility of isometric myography in pet dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) to determine its use in quantifying endothelial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>9 dogs euthanized for medical reasons.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Femoral, renal, and mesenteric arteries were collected postmortem and stored in physiological saline solution at 4 \u00b0C for myography. Mitral valves were scored for myxomatous degeneration (grades 1 to 4). Sections of arteries were mounted in wells, immersed in physiological saline solution perfused with 95% O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and 5% CO<jats:sub>2 <\/jats:sub>at 37 \u00b0C, and stretched to an internal circumference (IC) that generated the maximal difference between active and passive wall tension (IC<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>). Normalization factors were calculated by dividing the IC<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> by the IC at which the passive wall tension was 100 mm Hg (IC<jats:sub>100<\/jats:sub>). Vasoconstriction to phenylephrine and vasodilation to acetylcholine (endothelial dependent) and sodium nitroprusside (endothelial independent) were assessed by cumulative dose-response curves.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Median MMVD grade was 3. Mean values of normalization factors were 1.00 \u00b1 0.14 (renal, n = 15), 1.00 \u00b1 0.10 (femoral, 8), and 1.05 \u00b1 0.12 (mesenteric, 6). Responses to phenylephrine were similar between dogs (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .14). Reduced responses to acetylcholine compared with sodium nitroprusside were identified in 15 arteries, suggesting endothelial dysfunction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Isometric myography of arteries from pet dogs is feasible and can identify loss of endothelial-dependent relaxation in dogs with MMVD postmortem. Its use in further research can lead to a better understanding of the pathophysiology mechanisms of this disease.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.06.0136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,14]],"date-time":"2023-09-14T14:08:40Z","timestamp":1694700520000},"page":"1-7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Isometric myography is a feasible method to identify and quantify endothelial dysfunction in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Marco O.","family":"Mazzarella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalie K.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Geoff J.","family":"Culshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK"},{"name":"British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen\u2019s Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, UK"},{"name":"The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract","first-page":"651","article-title":"Canine degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease: natural history, clinical presentation and therapy","volume":"40","author":"Borgarelli M","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borgarelli M, Haggstrom J. 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