{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T03:05:15Z","timestamp":1784775915450,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696809600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the use of patient-specific 3-D\u2013printed osteotomy, reduction, and compression guides for tibial closing wedge osteotomy in small-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>6 dogs with unilateral tibial deformities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Six small-breed dogs with 1 or a combination of tibial deformities, including excessive tibial plateau angle, valgus, and torsion, were scheduled to undergo tibial closing wedge osteotomy using patient-specific 3-D\u2013printed osteotomy, reduction, and compression guides. The location and orientation of the wedge osteotomy were determined based on CT data using computer-aided design software. After the tibial deformities were corrected, postoperative CT or radiographs were obtained to compare the achieved tibial limb angles with the planned angles. Clinical evaluation and radiographic follow-up were performed on all dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Guides were successfully positioned at each specific location, and osteotomies were performed without radiation exposure or observer assistance in all dogs. Tibial deformities were corrected with angular errors of 1.8 \u00b1 1.4\u00b0, 2.3 \u00b1 2.1\u00b0, and 2.6 \u00b1 1.3\u00b0 in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes, respectively. Mild complications resolved within 1 month in 3 dogs, and revision surgery was not required. Five dogs improved to the normal gait (mean, 14.8 \u00b1 6.6 weeks), and 1 dog recovered a satisfactory gait 24 weeks after surgery. All limbs healed 14 \u00b1 4.7 weeks after surgery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient-specific 3-D\u2013printed osteotomy, reduction, and compression guides can provide effective assistance allowing accurate correction of tibial deformities. Their use yields good clinical outcomes in small-breed dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.06.0146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T13:32:06Z","timestamp":1696512726000},"page":"1-9","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Three-dimensional\u2013printed patient-specific guides for tibial deformity correction in small-breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","author":[{"given":"Ji-Won","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyu-Won","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Woo-Keyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilsan Animal Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Jae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"609","article-title":"Inherited premature closure of distal ulnar physis","volume":"13","author":"Lau R","year":"1977","unstructured":"Lau R. Inherited premature closure of distal ulnar physis. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 1977;13:609\u2013612."},{"issue":"11","key":"B2","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"647","article-title":"Premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs-a review of 58 cases","volume":"19","author":"Ramadan RO","year":"1978","unstructured":"Ramadan RO, Vaughan LC. Premature closure of the distal ulnar growth plate in dogs-a review of 58 cases. J Small Anim Pract. 1978;19(11):647\u2013667. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1978.tb05554.x"},{"issue":"13","key":"B3","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"295","article-title":"Deformity of the proximal tibia in dogs","volume":"111","author":"Read R","year":"1982","unstructured":"Read R, Robins G. Deformity of the proximal tibia in dogs. Vet Rec. 1982;111(13):295\u2013298. doi:10.1136\/vr.111.13.295"},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"416","article-title":"Complex angular and torsional deformities (distal femoral malunions)","volume":"29","author":"DeTora M","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeTora M, Boudrieau R. Complex angular and torsional deformities (distal femoral malunions). Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(5):416\u2013425. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-15-08-0145"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"32","article-title":"The prevalence of canine patellar luxation in three centres","volume":"22","author":"Bound N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bound N, Zakai D, Butterworth SJ, Pead M. The prevalence of canine patellar luxation in three centres. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2009;22(1):32\u201337. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-08-01-0009"},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"29","article-title":"Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography","volume":"29","author":"Yasukawa S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yasukawa S, Edamura K, Tanegashima K, et al. Evaluation of bone deformities of the femur, tibia, and patella in Toy Poodles with medial patellar luxation using computed tomography. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(1):29\u201338. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-15-05-0089"},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"459","article-title":"Investigation of the effects of excessive tibial plateau angle and changes in load on ligament tensile forces in the stifle joints of dogs","volume":"82","author":"Ichinohe T","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ichinohe T, Yamakawa S, Shimada M, et al. Investigation of the effects of excessive tibial plateau angle and changes in load on ligament tensile forces in the stifle joints of dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2021;82(6):459\u2013466. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.82.6.459"},{"issue":"5","key":"B8","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"586","article-title":"Results of a survey of Veterinary Orthopedic Society members on the preferred method for treating cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs weighing more than 15 kilograms (33 pounds)","volume":"253","author":"von Pfeil DJF","year":"2018","unstructured":"von Pfeil DJF, Kowaleski MP, Glassman M, Dejardin LM. Results of a survey of Veterinary Orthopedic Society members on the preferred method for treating cranial cruciate ligament rupture in dogs weighing more than 15 kilograms (33 pounds). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2018;253(5):586\u2013597. doi:10.2460\/javma.253.5.586"},{"issue":"6","key":"B9","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"478","article-title":"Treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease","volume":"27","author":"Duerr FM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duerr FM, Martin KW, Rishniw M, Palmer RH, Selmic LE. Treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2014;27(6):478\u2013483. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-14-03-0047"},{"issue":"1","key":"B10","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"20","article-title":"Distal femoral lateral closing wedge osteotomy as a component of comprehensive treatment of medial patellar luxation and distal femoral varus in dogs","volume":"30","author":"Brower B","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brower B, Kowaleski MP, Peruski A, et al. Distal femoral lateral closing wedge osteotomy as a component of comprehensive treatment of medial patellar luxation and distal femoral varus in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2017;30(1):20\u201327. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-16-07-0103"},{"issue":"6","key":"B11","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"559","article-title":"Complications associated with corrective surgery for patellar luxation in 109 dogs","volume":"35","author":"Arthurs GI","year":"2006","unstructured":"Arthurs GI, Langley-Hobbs SJ. Complications associated with corrective surgery for patellar luxation in 109 dogs. Vet Surg. 2006;35(6):559\u2013566. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00189.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B12","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"374","article-title":"Risk factors for tibial tuberosity fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs","volume":"37","author":"Bergh MS","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bergh MS, Rajala-Schultz P, Johnson KA. Risk factors for tibial tuberosity fracture after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy in dogs. Vet Surg. 2008;37(4):374\u2013382. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00391.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"763","article-title":"Effect of osteotomy position and tibial plateau rotation on the tensile force required for failure of the canine quadriceps mechanism","volume":"44","author":"Hamilton K","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamilton K, Tarlton J, Parsons K, Toscano M, Burton N. Effect of osteotomy position and tibial plateau rotation on the tensile force required for failure of the canine quadriceps mechanism. Vet Surg. 2015;44(6):763\u2013771. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12339"},{"issue":"6","key":"B14","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"305","article-title":"Short-term outcome and complications of TPLO using anatomically contoured locking compression plates in small\/medium-breed dogs with \u201cexcessive\u201d tibial plateau angle","volume":"57","author":"Barnes DC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Barnes DC, Trinterud T, Owen MR, Bush MA. Short-term outcome and complications of TPLO using anatomically contoured locking compression plates in small\/medium-breed dogs with \u201cexcessive\u201d tibial plateau angle. J Small Anim Pract. 2016;57(6):305\u2013310. doi:10.1111\/jsap.12486"},{"key":"B15","series-title":"Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament","first-page":"243","article-title":"Closing cranial wedge ostectomy and triple tibial osteotomy","author":"Roe SC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Roe SC. Closing cranial wedge ostectomy and triple tibial osteotomy. In: Muir P, eds. Advances in the Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament. 2nd ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2018:243\u2013259."},{"issue":"5","key":"B16","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"225","article-title":"Radiographic comparison of virtual surgical corrective options for excessive tibial plateau angle in the dog","volume":"36","author":"Worden NJ","year":"2023","unstructured":"Worden NJ, Oxley B, Naiman J, et al. Radiographic comparison of virtual surgical corrective options for excessive tibial plateau angle in the dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2023;36(5):225\u2013235. doi:10.1055\/s-0043-1768229"},{"issue":"2","key":"B17","series-title":"J Am Anim Hosp Assoc","first-page":"162","article-title":"Outcome following surgical correction of grade 4 medial patellar luxation in dogs: 47 stifles (2001\u20132012)","volume":"52","author":"Hans EC","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hans EC, Kerwin SC, Elliott AC, Butler R, Saunders WB, Hulse DA. Outcome following surgical correction of grade 4 medial patellar luxation in dogs: 47 stifles (2001\u20132012). J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2016;52(2):162\u2013169. doi:10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-6329"},{"issue":"1","key":"B18","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"78","article-title":"Evaluation of osteotomy accuracy and rotational and angular alignment for cranial closing wedge ostectomy performed with and without alignment aids","volume":"44","author":"Addison ES","year":"2015","unstructured":"Addison ES, Emmerson TD, de la Puerta B, et al. Evaluation of osteotomy accuracy and rotational and angular alignment for cranial closing wedge ostectomy performed with and without alignment aids. Vet Surg. 2015;44(1):78\u201384."},{"issue":"1","key":"B19","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evaluation of a fixed-angle wedge osteotomy guide","volume":"34","author":"Neal KM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Neal KM, Frederick SW, Corse MR, Cross AR. Evaluation of a fixed-angle wedge osteotomy guide. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2020;34(1):32\u201336."},{"issue":"3","key":"B20","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"316","article-title":"Correction of biapical radial deformities by use of bi-level hinged circular external fixation and distraction osteogenesis in 13 dogs","volume":"43","author":"Kwan TW","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kwan TW, Marcellin-Little DJ, Harrysson OL. Correction of biapical radial deformities by use of bi-level hinged circular external fixation and distraction osteogenesis in 13 dogs. Vet Surg. 2014;43(3):316\u2013329. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2014.12114.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"B21","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"89","article-title":"Effects of antebrachial torsion on the measurement of angulation in the frontal plane: a cadaveric radiographic analysis","volume":"25","author":"Peirone B","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peirone B, Fox D, Piras LA. Effects of antebrachial torsion on the measurement of angulation in the frontal plane: a cadaveric radiographic analysis. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012;25(2):89\u201394. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-10-09-0135"},{"issue":"6","key":"B22","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"525","article-title":"Validation of a technique to assess radial torsion in the presence of procurvatum and valgus deformity using computed tomography: a cadaveric study","volume":"37","author":"Meola SD","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meola SD, Wheeler JL, Rist CL. Validation of a technique to assess radial torsion in the presence of procurvatum and valgus deformity using computed tomography: a cadaveric study. Vet Surg. 2008;37(6):525\u2013529. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2008.00399.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B23","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"68","article-title":"Use of radiographic measures and three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging in surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog","volume":"232","author":"Dismukes DI","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dismukes DI, Fox DB, Tomlinson JL, Essman SC. Use of radiographic measures and three-dimensional computed tomographic imaging in surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2008;232(1):68\u201373. doi:10.2460\/javma.232.1.68"},{"issue":"1","key":"B24","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"24","article-title":"Assessment of radial torsion using computed tomography in dogs with and without antebrachial limb deformity","volume":"46","author":"Kroner K","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kroner K, Cooley K, Hoey S, Hetzel SJ, Bleedorn JA. Assessment of radial torsion using computed tomography in dogs with and without antebrachial limb deformity. Vet Surg. 2016;46(1):24\u201331. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12589"},{"issue":"8","key":"B25","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1078","article-title":"Correction of antebrachial angulation-rotation deformities in dogs with oblique plane inclined osteotomies","volume":"46","author":"Franklin SP","year":"2017","unstructured":"Franklin SP, Dover RK, Andrade N, Rosselli D, Clarke KM. Correction of antebrachial angulation-rotation deformities in dogs with oblique plane inclined osteotomies. Vet Surg. 2017;46(8):1078\u20131085. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12706"},{"issue":"13","key":"B26","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1","article-title":"Accuracy of virtual surgical planning and custom three-dimensionally printed osteotomy and reduction guides for acute uni- and biapical correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs","volume":"260","author":"De Armond CC","year":"2022","unstructured":"De Armond CC, Lewis DD, Kim SE, Biedrzycki AH. Accuracy of virtual surgical planning and custom three-dimensionally printed osteotomy and reduction guides for acute uni- and biapical correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(13):1\u20139. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.09.0419"},{"issue":"1","key":"B27","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"43","article-title":"Three-dimensional-printed patient-specific osteotomy guides, repositioning guides and titanium plates for acute correction of antebrachial limb deformities in dogs","volume":"34","author":"Carwardine DR","year":"2020","unstructured":"Carwardine DR, Gosling MJ, Burton NJ, O'Malley FL, Parsons KJ. Three-dimensional-printed patient-specific osteotomy guides, repositioning guides and titanium plates for acute correction of antebrachial limb deformities in dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2020;34(1):43\u201352."},{"issue":"4","key":"B28","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"584","article-title":"Accuracy of patient-specific three-dimensional-printed osteotomy and reduction guides for distal femoral osteotomy in dogs with medial patella luxation","volume":"48","author":"Hall EL","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hall EL, Baines S, Bilmont A, Oxley B. Accuracy of patient-specific three-dimensional-printed osteotomy and reduction guides for distal femoral osteotomy in dogs with medial patella luxation. Vet Surg. 2018;48(4):584\u2013591. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13126"},{"key":"B29","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthopaed","first-page":"241","article-title":"Computer-assisted surgery using 3D printed saw guides for acute correction of antebrachial angular limb deformities in dogs","volume":"32","author":"Worth A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Worth A, Crosse K, Kersley A. Computer-assisted surgery using 3D printed saw guides for acute correction of antebrachial angular limb deformities in dogs. Vet Comp Orthopaed. 2019;32:241\u2013249. doi:10.1055\/s-0039-1678701"},{"issue":"5","key":"B30","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"354","article-title":"Computer-assisted surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog","volume":"23","author":"Crosse KR","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crosse KR, Worth AJ. Computer-assisted surgical correction of an antebrachial deformity in a dog. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2010;23(5):354\u2013361. doi:10.1055\/s-00035023"},{"issue":"3","key":"B31","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"40","article-title":"Comparison between novice and experienced surgeons performing corrective osteotomy with patient-specific guides in dogs based on resulting position accuracy","volume":"8","author":"Roh Y","year":"2021","unstructured":"Roh Y, Cho C, Ryu C, Lee JH, Jeong SM, Lee HB. Comparison between novice and experienced surgeons performing corrective osteotomy with patient-specific guides in dogs based on resulting position accuracy. Vet Sci. 2021;8(3):40. doi:10.3390\/vetsci8030040"},{"issue":"1","key":"B32","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"28","article-title":"Evaluation of cut accuracy and cis cortical damage for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy performed with and without aid of a novel saw guide: an in vitro study","volume":"42","author":"Burton NJ","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burton NJ, Fitzpatrick N, Wallace AM. Evaluation of cut accuracy and cis cortical damage for tibial plateau leveling osteotomy performed with and without aid of a novel saw guide: an in vitro study. Vet Surg. 2012;42(1):28\u201337. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01031.x"},{"issue":"3","key":"B33","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"278","article-title":"Effect of tibial plateau leveling on cranial and caudal tibial thrusts in canine cranial cruciate\u2013deficient stifles: an in vitro experimental study","volume":"30","author":"Warzee CC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Warzee CC, Dejardin LM, Arnoczky SP, Perry RL. Effect of tibial plateau leveling on cranial and caudal tibial thrusts in canine cranial cruciate\u2013deficient stifles: an in vitro experimental study. Vet Surg. 2001;30(3):278\u2013286. doi:10.1053\/jvet.2001.21400"},{"issue":"8","key":"B34","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"729","article-title":"Combination tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge osteotomy of the tibia for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles with excessive tibial plateau angle","volume":"35","author":"Talaat MB","year":"2006","unstructured":"Talaat MB, Kowaleski MP, Boudrieau RJ. Combination tibial plateau leveling osteotomy and cranial closing wedge osteotomy of the tibia for the treatment of cranial cruciate ligament-deficient stifles with excessive tibial plateau angle. Vet Surg. 2006;35(8):729\u2013739. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2006.00217.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B35","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"49","article-title":"Comparison of surgical treatment options for cranial cruciate ligament disease in large-breed dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle","volume":"37","author":"Duerr FM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Duerr FM, Duncan CG, Savicky RS, Park RD, Egger EL, Palmer RH. Comparison of surgical treatment options for cranial cruciate ligament disease in large-breed dogs with excessive tibial plateau angle. Vet Surg. 2008;37(1):49\u201362. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2007.00348.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B36","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"457","article-title":"Modification of the cranial closing wedge ostectomy technique for the treatment of canine cruciate disease","volume":"24","author":"Wallace AM","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wallace AM, Addison ES, Smith BA, Radke H, Hobbs SJ. Modification of the cranial closing wedge ostectomy technique for the treatment of canine cruciate disease. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2011;24(6):457\u2013462. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-10-11-0159"},{"issue":"3","key":"B37","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"403","article-title":"Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angles: technique and complications in 19 cases","volume":"46","author":"Frederick SW","year":"2017","unstructured":"Frederick SW, Cross AR. Modified cranial closing wedge osteotomy for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament insufficiency in dogs with excessive tibial plateau angles: technique and complications in 19 cases. Vet Surg. 2017;46(3):403\u2013411. doi:10.1111\/vsu.12614"},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: ex vivo model","author":"Townsend A","year":"2023","unstructured":"Townsend A, Guevar J, Oxley B, Schreiber JS, Tepper OM, Layke J. Comparison of three-dimensional printed patient-specific guides versus freehand approach for radial osteotomies in normal dogs: ex vivo model. Vet Surg. 2023;1\u20139. doi:10.1111\/vsu.13968"},{"issue":"9","key":"B39","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"ajvr.21.12.0215","article-title":"Efficacy of two reduction methods in conjunction with 3-D\u2013printed patient-specific pin guides for aligning simulated comminuted tibial fractures in cadaveric dogs","volume":"83","author":"Johnson MD","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson MD, Lewis DD, Sutton WA, et al. Efficacy of two reduction methods in conjunction with 3-D\u2013printed patient-specific pin guides for aligning simulated comminuted tibial fractures in cadaveric dogs. Am J Vet Res. 2022;83(9):ajvr.21.12.0215. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.21.12.0215"},{"issue":"7","key":"B40","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"961","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of a custom cutting jig and custom plate for canine tibial plateau leveling","volume":"69","author":"Marcellin-Little DJ","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marcellin-Little DJ, Harrysson OLA, Cansizoglu O. In vitro evaluation of a custom cutting jig and custom plate for canine tibial plateau leveling. Am J Vet Res. 2008;69(7):961\u2013966. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.69.7.961"},{"key":"B41","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal","first-page":"762","article-title":"Principles of angular limb deformity correction","author":"Fox DB","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fox DB, Tomlinson JL. Principles of angular limb deformity correction. In: Johnson SA, Tobias KM, eds. Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal. 2nd ed. Elsevier; 2018:762\u2013774."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.23.06.0146\/ajvr.23.06.0146.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.23.06.0146\/ajvr.23.06.0146.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.23.06.0146\/ajvr.23.06.0146.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T13:32:07Z","timestamp":1696512727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/aop\/ajvr.23.06.0146\/ajvr.23.06.0146.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]},"references-count":41,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.23.06.0146","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]]}}}