{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,4]],"date-time":"2026-02-04T18:36:51Z","timestamp":1770230211418,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To identify the preferred choices of antimicrobials by veterinarians for addressing infectious diseases in Golden Retrievers across the US.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>3,044 Golden Retrievers enrolled in the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Demographic and veterinary visit data were retrieved from the Morris Animal Foundation Golden Retriever Lifetime Study, following 3,044 Golden Retrievers spanning from 2012 to 2020 collected through questionnaires. The R Studio program was used to clean and analyze the data in which the most common diagnoses were evaluated along with the most frequently used antimicrobials stratified by geographical region within the US.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The most common diagnoses reported and treated with antimicrobials were otitis externa, diarrhea\/gastritis, hot spots, and bladder infections. Otitis externa was the most frequently reported medical diagnosis as well as prescribed with antibiotics. The Southern region reported the most antimicrobial use, followed by the Midwest and Northeast. Of the total reported antibiotics prescribed for infectious disease, aminoglycosides were the most frequent (370\/1,874 [19.74%]) followed by first-generation cephalosporins, nitroimidazoles, and penicillins.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>More effort in the prevention of otitis externa in Golden Retrievers may reduce overall antimicrobial usage and promote effective antimicrobial stewardship to combat further antimicrobial resistance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.10.0239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]],"date-time":"2024-06-18T12:44:05Z","timestamp":1718714645000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Antimicrobial treatment preferences among veterinarians for Golden Retrievers in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Linzy","family":"Jauch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Labadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morris Animal Foundation, Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brenna","family":"Swafford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Morris Animal Foundation, Denver, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangeeta","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2024","unstructured":"Antimicrobial use in veterinary practice. American Veterinary Medical Association. 2024. Accessed April 2, 2024. https:\/\/www.avma.org\/resources-tools\/one-health\/antimicrobial-use-and-antimicrobial-resistance\/antimicrobial-use-veterinary-practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"B2","series-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother","first-page":"377","article-title":"Increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of major international high-risk clonal lineages in dogs and cats with urinary tract infection: 16 year retrospective study","volume":"73","author":"Marques C","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marques C, Belas A, Franco A, Aboim C, Telo Gama L, Pomba C. Increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of major international high-risk clonal lineages in dogs and cats with urinary tract infection: 16 year retrospective study. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2018;73(2):377\u2013384."},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Vet Anim Sci","first-page":"100038","article-title":"Antimicrobial use practices of veterinary clinicians at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States","volume":"7","author":"Ekakoro JE","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ekakoro JE, Okafor CC. Antimicrobial use practices of veterinary clinicians at a veterinary teaching hospital in the United States. J Vet Anim Sci 2019;7:100038."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Handbook of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Companion Animal Veterinary Settings","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship initiative","year":"2020","unstructured":"University of Minnesota. Antimicrobial resistance and stewardship initiative. In: Handbook of Antimicrobial Stewardship in Companion Animal Veterinary Settings. UMN; 2020."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"8","article-title":"International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats","volume":"247","author":"Weese JS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Weese JS, Blondeau J, Boothe D, et al. International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Vet J. 2019;247:8\u201325."},{"issue":"6","key":"B6","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"310","article-title":"Therapeutic antibiotic use patterns in dogs: observations from a veterinary teaching hospital","volume":"52","author":"Shea A","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shea A, McCarthy R, Lindenmayer J. Therapeutic antibiotic use patterns in dogs: observations from a veterinary teaching hospital. J Small Anim Pract. 2011;52(6):310\u2013318. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2011.01072.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B7","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0269425","article-title":"Cohort profile: the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study (GRLS)","volume":"17","author":"Labadie J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Labadie J, Swafford B, DePena M, Tietje K, Page R, Patterson-Kane J. Cohort profile: the Golden Retriever Lifetime Study (GRLS). PLoS One. 2022;17(6):e0269425. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0269425"},{"issue":"1673","key":"B8","series-title":"Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci","first-page":"20140230","article-title":"The golden retriever lifetime study: establishing an observational cohort study with translational relevance for human health","volume":"370","author":"Guy MK","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guy MK, Page RL, Jensen WA, et al. The golden retriever lifetime study: establishing an observational cohort study with translational relevance for human health. Phil Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2015;370(1673):20140230."},{"key":"B9","year":"2021","unstructured":"R Core Team. RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio PBC. 2021. Accessed October 12, 2023. http:\/\/www.rstudio.com\/"},{"issue":"9","key":"B10","series-title":"Aus Vet J","first-page":"621","article-title":"Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli with extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase activity and flouroquinolone resistance isolated from clinical infections in dogs","volume":"79","author":"Warren A","year":"2001","unstructured":"Warren A, Townsend K, King T, et al. Multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli with extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase activity and flouroquinolone resistance isolated from clinical infections in dogs. Aus Vet J. 2001;79(9):621\u2013623."},{"issue":"2","key":"B11","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"107","article-title":"Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in dogs","volume":"43","author":"Prescott JF","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prescott JF, Hanna WJ, Reid-Smith R, Drost K. Antimicrobial drug use and resistance in dogs. Can Vet J. 2002;43(2):107\u2013116."},{"issue":"5","key":"B12","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"540","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets","volume":"235","author":"Faires MC","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faires MC, Tater KC, Weese JS. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization in people and pets. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2009;235(5):540\u2013543."},{"issue":"4","key":"B13","series-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother","first-page":"692","article-title":"Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff and pets in a small animal referral hospital in the UK","volume":"56","author":"Loeffler A","year":"2005","unstructured":"Loeffler A, Boag AK, Sung J, et al. Prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among staff and pets in a small animal referral hospital in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2005;56(4):692\u2013697. doi:10.1093\/jac\/dki312"},{"issue":"12","key":"B14","series-title":"Emerg Infec Dis","first-page":"2235","article-title":"Human-to-dog transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"10","author":"Duijkeren E","year":"2004","unstructured":"Duijkeren E, Wolfhagen MJHM, Box ATA, Heck MEOC, Wannet WJB, Fluit AC. Human-to-dog transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Emerg Infec Dis. 2004;10(12):2235\u20132237."},{"key":"B15","series-title":"The Merck Veterinary Manual","article-title":"Otitis externa in animals","author":"Woodward M","year":"2022","unstructured":"Woodward M. Otitis externa in animals. In: The Merck Veterinary Manual. Merck & Co, Inc; 2022."},{"issue":"11","key":"B16","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"592","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance and species profile of enterococcus species in dogs with chronic otitis externa","volume":"9","author":"Kwon J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kwon J, Ko HJ, Yang MH, Park C, Park SC. Antibiotic resistance and species profile of enterococcus species in dogs with chronic otitis externa. Vet Sci. 2022;9(11):592. doi:10.3390\/vetsci9110592"},{"issue":"19","key":"B17","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"475","article-title":"Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing habits and use of sensitivity testing amongst veterinarians in Europe","volume":"173","author":"De Briyne N","year":"2013","unstructured":"De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Pokludova L, Borriello SP, Price S. Factors influencing antibiotic prescribing habits and use of sensitivity testing amongst veterinarians in Europe. Vet Rec. 2013;173(19):475. doi:10.1136\/vr.101454"},{"issue":"8","key":"B18","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"938","article-title":"Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections","volume":"247","author":"Jacob ME","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jacob ME, Hoppin JA, Steers N, et al. Opinions of clinical veterinarians at a US veterinary teaching hospital regarding antimicrobial use and antimicrobial-resistant infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2015;247(8):938\u2013944. doi:10.2460\/javma.247.8.938"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/8\/ajvr.23.10.0239.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/8\/ajvr.23.10.0239.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/8\/ajvr.23.10.0239.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T17:26:13Z","timestamp":1727803573000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/8\/ajvr.23.10.0239.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.23.10.0239","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]}}}