{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T11:13:24Z","timestamp":1784632404613,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]],"date-time":"2024-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1711929600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To define reference intervals (RIs) for arterial blood gas (aBG) measurements in healthy, nonsedated, dolichocephalic, and mesocephalic (nonbrachycephalic) dogs at approximately 1,535 m above sea level and compare these findings with healthy, nonsedated, brachycephalic dogs living at the same altitude.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>120 adult nonbrachycephalic dogs and 20 adult brachycephalic dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cases were prospectively enrolled from October 2021 to June 2022. Dogs were enrolled from the community or after presentation for wellness examinations or minor injuries including lacerations, nail injuries, and lameness. Physical examinations and systolic blood pressure (sBP) measurements were obtained before blood sample collection. Arterial blood was collected from the dorsal pedal artery or femoral artery. After data collection, brachycephalic dogs underwent pre- and postexercise tolerance assessments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean and RI values for arterial pH (7.442; 7.375 to 7.515), partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood (Pa<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 78.3; 59.2 to 92.7 mm Hg), partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood (Pa<jats:sc>co<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 28.0; 21.5 to 34.4 mm Hg), saturation of arterial oxygen (Sa<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>; 98.4; 84.3% to 101.4%), HCO<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> (18.9; 14.9 to 22.4 mmol\/L), concentration of total hemoglobin (ctHb; 17.5; 13.4 to 21.1 g\/dL), and sBP (133; 94 to 180 mm Hg) were established for healthy nonbrachycephalic dogs at 1,535-m altitude. All aBG measurements were statistically and clinically different from those previously reported for dogs at sea level. Brachycephalic dogs had significantly lower Pa<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and Sa<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0150 and <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0237, respectively) and significantly higher ctHb (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0396) compared to nonbrachycephalic dogs acclimatized to the same altitude; the nonbrachycephalic RIs were not transferable to the brachycephalic dogs for Pa<jats:sc>o<\/jats:sc><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study represents the first collation of aBG measurements for healthy nonbrachycephalic dogs acclimatized to an altitude of 1,535 m. Additionally, this study identified differences in arterial oxygenation measurements between brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs. RIs in brachycephalic dogs need to be established.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.10.0240","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,6]],"date-time":"2024-02-06T14:21:34Z","timestamp":1707229294000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Arterial blood gas measurements are different for brachycephalic and nonbrachycephalic dogs acclimatized to an altitude of 1,535 meters"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6136-1991","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Charles T.","family":"Talbot","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0327-8537","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Zersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Billy","family":"Poon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly S.","family":"Santangelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Russell","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda A.","family":"Cavanagh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Am J Blood Res","first-page":"1","article-title":"Partial pressure of oxygen in the human body: a general review","volume":"9","author":"Ortiz-Prado E","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ortiz-Prado E, Dunn JF, Vasconez J, Castillo D, Viscor G. Partial pressure of oxygen in the human body: a general review. 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