{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1792789268375,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714521600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To investigate inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection in layers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>33 40-week-old laying hens were used.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>30 laying hens were divided into 2 groups: the first group was injected with 8 mg\/kg LPS, while the second group was injected with sterile saline. At the start of the study, 3 birds served as a baseline and were used as the time 0 controls for both the saline and LPS-treated groups. Blood and spleen tissues were collected at 0 (before) and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 hours after injection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>LPS administration increased splenic mRNA levels of IL-1\u03b2, IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-\u03b3, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and serum IL-6 levels (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .01) compared to saline injection. The mRNA expression of most cytokine genes increased rapidly toward peak values within 2 hours after the LPS injection, and then the difference between the saline and LPS treatments got smaller as time went on; serum IL-6 reached its highest concentration 2 hours after LPS administration. The magnitude of LPS-induced upregulation of gene expression was the highest for IL-6, followed by IL-1\u03b2 and IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 was the least affected.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The temporal and quantitative profile of these inflammatory mediators generated from this study provides valuable information in identifying the optimal time window and appropriate biomarkers for LPS-induced inflammation, which has significant implications in evaluating the effects of interventions on the immune system of chickens.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.10.0246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T13:39:34Z","timestamp":1709213974000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Splenic gene expression of cytokines at multiple time points following lipopolysaccharide challenge in layers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Mingyan","family":"Jing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengnan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shusheng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"House","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"},{"name":"Richardson Centre for Food Technology and Research, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"},{"name":"Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St. Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Cellular and Molecular Immunology","first-page":"62","author":"Abbas AK","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 9th ed. Elsevier; 2018:62\u201365."},{"issue":"4","key":"B2","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"580","article-title":"Cell-mediated immunity in poultry","volume":"83","author":"Erf GF","year":"2004","unstructured":"Erf GF. Cell-mediated immunity in poultry. Poult Sci. 2004;83(4):580\u2013590. doi:10.1093\/ps\/83.4.580"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)","first-page":"58","article-title":"Dietary vitamin D3 supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress","volume":"15","author":"Geng Y","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geng Y, Ma Q, Wang Z, Guo Y. Dietary vitamin D3 supplementation protects laying hens against lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological stress. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2018;15:58. doi:10.1186\/s12986-018-0293-8"},{"issue":"9","key":"B4","series-title":"Dev Comp Immunol","first-page":"791","article-title":"Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in chicken heterophils","volume":"29","author":"Kogut MH","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kogut MH, Iqbal M, He H, Philbin V, Kaiser P, Smith A. Expression and function of Toll-like receptors in chicken heterophils. Dev Comp Immunol. 2005;29(9):791\u2013807. doi:10.1016\/j.dci.2005.02.002"},{"issue":"10","key":"B5","series-title":"Nat Rev Immunol","first-page":"725","article-title":"NF-\u03baB regulation in the immune system","volume":"2","author":"Li Q","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li Q, Verma I. NF-\u03baB regulation in the immune system. Nat Rev Immunol. 2002;2(10):725\u2013734. doi:10.1038\/nri910"},{"issue":"5","key":"B6","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"2026","article-title":"Effect of carvacrol essential oils on immune response and inflammation-related genes expression in broilers challenged by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"98","author":"Liu SD","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu SD, Song MH, Yun W, Lee JH, Kim HB, Cho JH. Effect of carvacrol essential oils on immune response and inflammation-related genes expression in broilers challenged by lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci. 2019;98(5):2026\u20132033. doi:10.3382\/ps\/pey575"},{"issue":"1","key":"B7","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"33","article-title":"Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on broiler chickens","volume":"79","author":"Xie H","year":"2000","unstructured":"Xie H, Rath NC, Huff GR, Huff WE, Balog JM. Effects of Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide on broiler chickens. Poult Sci. 2000;79(1):33\u201340. doi:10.1093\/ps\/79.1.33"},{"issue":"7","key":"B8","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"1504","article-title":"Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation alleviates immunological stress in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers at early age","volume":"94","author":"Li Y","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Zhang H, Chen YP, et al. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens supplementation alleviates immunological stress in lipopolysaccharide-challenged broilers at early age. Poult Sci. 2015;94(7):1504\u20131511. doi:10.3382\/ps\/pev124"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"B9","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","first-page":"70","article-title":"The effects of natural and modified clinoptilolite on intestinal barrier function and immune response to LPS in broiler chickens","volume":"153","author":"Wu QJ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu QJ, Zhou YM, Wu YN, Zhang LL, Wang T. The effects of natural and modified clinoptilolite on intestinal barrier function and immune response to LPS in broiler chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2013;153(1\u20132):70\u201376. doi:10.1016\/j.vetimm.2013.02.006"},{"issue":"7","key":"B10","series-title":"Anim Sci J","first-page":"983","article-title":"Influence of procyanidin supplementation on the immune responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"88","author":"Wu QJ","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wu QJ, Wang YQ, Qi YX. Influence of procyanidin supplementation on the immune responses of broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Anim Sci J. 2017;88(7):983\u2013990. doi:10.1111\/asj.12729"},{"key":"B11","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"420","article-title":"Dietary antibiotic growth promoters down-regulate intestinal inflammatory cytokine expression in chickens challenged with LPS or co-infected with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens","volume":"6","author":"Oh S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Oh S, Lillehoj HS, Lee Y, Bravo D, Lillehoj EP. Dietary antibiotic growth promoters down-regulate intestinal inflammatory cytokine expression in chickens challenged with LPS or co-infected with Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens. Front Vet Sci. 2019;22;6:420. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2019.00420"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Front Immunol","first-page":"1762","article-title":"The sweet-side of leukocytes: galectins as master regulators of neutrophil function","volume":"10","author":"Robinson BS","year":"2019","unstructured":"Robinson BS, Arthur CM, Evavold B, et al. The sweet-side of leukocytes: galectins as master regulators of neutrophil function. Front Immunol. 2019;10:1762. doi:10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01762"},{"key":"B13","year":"2009","unstructured":"Canadian Council on Animal Care (CCAC). The Care and Use of Farm Animals in Research, Teaching, and Testing. CCAC; 2009."},{"issue":"10","key":"B14","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"2454","article-title":"Immunomodulation in young laying hens by dietary folic acid and acute immune responses after challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide","volume":"91","author":"Munyaka PM","year":"2012","unstructured":"Munyaka PM, Tactacan G, Jing M, O K, House JD, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC. Immunomodulation in young laying hens by dietary folic acid and acute immune responses after challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci. 2012;91(10):2454\u20132463. doi:10.3382\/ps.2012-02381"},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"122","article-title":"Performance, serum biochemical responses, and gene expression of intestinal folate transporters of young and older laying hens in response to dietary folic acid supplementation and challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide","volume":"93","author":"Jing M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jing M, Munyaka PM, Tactacan GB, et al. Performance, serum biochemical responses, and gene expression of intestinal folate transporters of young and older laying hens in response to dietary folic acid supplementation and challenge with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci. 2014;93(1):122\u2013131. doi:10.3382\/ps.2013-03384"},{"issue":"8","key":"B16","series-title":"Dev Comp Immunol","first-page":"751","article-title":"Initiation of humoral immunity. I. The role of cytokines and hormones in the initiation of humoral immunity using T-independent and T-dependent antigens","volume":"26","author":"Gehad AE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gehad AE, Lillehoj HS, Hendricks GL 3rd, Mashaly MM. Initiation of humoral immunity. I. The role of cytokines and hormones in the initiation of humoral immunity using T-independent and T-dependent antigens. Dev Comp Immunol. 2002;26(8):751\u2013759. doi:10.1016\/s0145-305x(02)00020-4"},{"issue":"10","key":"B17","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"1859","article-title":"Blood sampling from the venous occipital sinus of birds","volume":"64","author":"Zimmermann NG","year":"1985","unstructured":"Zimmermann NG, Dhillon AS. Blood sampling from the venous occipital sinus of birds. Poult Sci. 1985;64(10):1859\u20131862. doi:10.3382\/ps.0641859"},{"issue":"7","key":"B18","series-title":"Dev Comp Immunol","first-page":"629","article-title":"Divergence of the inflammatory response in two types of chickens","volume":"25","author":"Leshchinsky TV","year":"2001","unstructured":"Leshchinsky TV, Klasing KC. Divergence of the inflammatory response in two types of chickens. Dev Comp Immunol. 2001;25(7):629\u2013638. doi:10.1016\/s0145-305x(01)00023-4"},{"issue":"8","key":"B19","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"1266","article-title":"Profile of chicken cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide is modulated by dietary \u03b1-tocopheryl acetate","volume":"82","author":"Leshchinsky TV","year":"2003","unstructured":"Leshchinsky TV, Klasing KC. Profile of chicken cytokines induced by lipopolysaccharide is modulated by dietary \u03b1-tocopheryl acetate. Poult Sci. 2003;82(8):1266\u20131273. doi:10.1093\/ps\/82.8.1266"},{"issue":"7","key":"B20","series-title":"Animal","first-page":"1174","article-title":"Intestinal permeability induced by lipopolysaccharide and measured by lactulose, rhamnose and mannitol sugars in chickens","volume":"11","author":"Gilani S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gilani S, Howarth GS, Kitessa SM, Tran CD, Forder REA, Hughes RJ. Intestinal permeability induced by lipopolysaccharide and measured by lactulose, rhamnose and mannitol sugars in chickens. Animal. 2017;11(7):1174\u20131179. doi:10.1017\/S1751731116002470"},{"key":"B21","series-title":"The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals","author":"Hubrecht R","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hubrecht R, Kirkwood J. The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals. 8th ed. Wiley Blackwell; 2010."},{"issue":"6","key":"B22","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"908","article-title":"Serum levels of interleukin-6, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and corticosterone in two-week-old chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide","volume":"77","author":"Nakamura K","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nakamura K, Mitarai Y, Yoshioka M, Koizumi N, Shibahara T, Nakajima Y. Serum levels of interleukin-6, alpha1-acid glycoprotein, and corticosterone in two-week-old chickens inoculated with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci. 1998;77(6):908\u2013911. doi:10.1093\/ps\/77.6.908"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","series-title":"Methods","first-page":"402","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method","volume":"25","author":"Livak KJ","year":"2001","unstructured":"Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-delta delta C(T)) method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402\u2013408. doi:10.1006\/meth.2001.1262"},{"key":"B24","series-title":"SAS\/STAT\u00ae 15.1 User\u2019s Guide","article-title":"The MIXED procedure","year":"2018","unstructured":"The MIXED procedure. In: SAS\/STAT\u00ae 15.1 User\u2019s Guide. SAS Institute Inc; 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"B25","series-title":"Br Poult Sci","first-page":"125","article-title":"Yeast cell wall polysaccharides enhanced expression of T helper type 1 and 2 cytokines profile in chicken B lymphocytes exposed to LPS challenge and enzyme treatment","volume":"62","author":"Echeverry H","year":"2021","unstructured":"Echeverry H, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Slominski B, Rodriguez-Lecompte JC. Yeast cell wall polysaccharides enhanced expression of T helper type 1 and 2 cytokines profile in chicken B lymphocytes exposed to LPS challenge and enzyme treatment. Br Poult Sci. 2021;62(1):125\u2013130. doi:10.1080\/00071668.2020.1817328"},{"issue":"3","key":"B26","series-title":"World J Gastroenterol","first-page":"455","article-title":"Probiotics inhibit TNF-\u03b1-induced interleukin-8 secretion of HT29 cells","volume":"10","author":"Bai AP","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bai AP, Ouyang Q, Zhang W, Wang CH, Li SF. Probiotics inhibit TNF-\u03b1-induced interleukin-8 secretion of HT29 cells. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(3):455\u2013457. doi:10.3748\/wjg.v10.i3.455"},{"issue":"1","key":"B27","series-title":"Inflammation","first-page":"340","article-title":"Aptamers against pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines: a review","volume":"40","author":"Boshtam M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boshtam M, Asgary S, Kouhpayeh S, Shariati L, Khanahmad H. Aptamers against pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines: a review. Inflammation. 2017;40(1):340\u2013349. doi:10.1007\/s10753-016-0477-1"},{"issue":"1","key":"B28","series-title":"Avian Pathol","first-page":"39","article-title":"The influence of age and repeated lipopolysaccharide administration on body temperature and the concentration of interleukin-6 and IgM antibodies against lipopolysaccharide in broiler chickens","volume":"37","author":"De Boever S","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Boever S, Beyaert R, Vandemaele F, et al. The influence of age and repeated lipopolysaccharide administration on body temperature and the concentration of interleukin-6 and IgM antibodies against lipopolysaccharide in broiler chickens. Avian Pathol. 2008;37(1):39\u201344. doi:10.1080\/03079450701784875"},{"issue":"5","key":"B29","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"707","article-title":"Endotoxin stress responses in chickens from different genetic lines. 1. Sickness, behavioral, and physical responses","volume":"83","author":"Cheng HW","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheng HW, Freire R, Pajor EA. Endotoxin stress responses in chickens from different genetic lines. 1. Sickness, behavioral, and physical responses. Poult Sci. 2004;83(5):707\u2013715. doi:10.1093\/ps\/83.5.707"},{"issue":"5","key":"B30","series-title":"Can J Physiol and Pharmacol","first-page":"473","article-title":"Integrative aspects of a human model of endotoxemia","volume":"76","author":"Ottaway CA","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ottaway CA, Fong IW, Da Silva B, Singer W, Karrass L. Integrative aspects of a human model of endotoxemia. Can J Physiol and Pharmacol. 1998;76(5):473\u2013478. doi:10.1139\/cjpp-76-5-473"},{"issue":"4","key":"B31","series-title":"Cytokine","first-page":"169","article-title":"Sequential measurement of IL-6 blood levels in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)\/sepsis","volume":"29","author":"Oda S","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oda S, Hirasawa H, Shiga H, Nakanishi K, Matsuda K, Nakamua M. Sequential measurement of IL-6 blood levels in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)\/sepsis. Cytokine. 2005;29(4):169\u2013175. doi:10.1016\/j.cyto.2004.10.010"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"B32","series-title":"Vet Immunol Immunopathol","first-page":"259","article-title":"Changes in immune-related gene expression and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations following Eimeria maxima infection of chickens","volume":"114","author":"Hong YH","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hong YH, Lillehoj HS, Lillehoj EP, Lee SH. Changes in immune-related gene expression and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulations following Eimeria maxima infection of chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol. 2006;114(3\u20134):259\u2013272. doi:10.1016\/j.vetimm.2006.08.006"},{"issue":"11","key":"B33","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"2557","article-title":"Effects of live yeast supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in broilers","volume":"95","author":"Wang W","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang W, Li Z, Ren W, Yue Y, Guo Y. Effects of live yeast supplementation on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in broilers. Poult Sci. 2016;95(11):2557\u20132564. doi:10.3382\/ps\/pew191"},{"issue":"3","key":"B34","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"625","article-title":"Effect of supplementing direct-fed microbials on broiler performance, nutrient digestibilities, and immune responses","volume":"93","author":"Waititu SM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Waititu SM, Yitbarek A, Matini E, et al. Effect of supplementing direct-fed microbials on broiler performance, nutrient digestibilities, and immune responses. Poult Sci. 2014;93(3):625\u2013635. doi:10.3382\/ps.2013-03575"},{"issue":"8","key":"B35","series-title":"Poult Sci","first-page":"1164","article-title":"Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on in vivo splenic cytokine mRNA expression in layer chicks immunized with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide","volume":"80","author":"Sijben JWC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sijben JWC, Schrama JW, Parmentier HK, van der Poel JJ, Klasing KC. Effects of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids on in vivo splenic cytokine mRNA expression in layer chicks immunized with Salmonella typhimurium lipopolysaccharide. Poult Sci. 2001;80(8):1164\u20131170. doi:10.1093\/ps\/80.8.1164"},{"issue":"3","key":"B36","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"1275","article-title":"Proinflammatory functions of IL-2 in herpes simplex virus corneal infection","volume":"158","author":"Tang Q","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tang Q, Chen W, Hendricks RL. Proinflammatory functions of IL-2 in herpes simplex virus corneal infection. J Immunol. 1997;158(3):1275\u20131283. doi.10.4049\/jimmunol.158.3.1275"},{"issue":"11","key":"B37","series-title":"J Interf Cytokine Res","first-page":"933","article-title":"Production of interferon-\u03b3 by chicken T cells","volume":"15","author":"Lowenthal JW","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lowenthal JW, Digby MR, York JJ. Production of interferon-\u03b3 by chicken T cells. J Interf Cytokine Res. 1995;15(11):933\u2013938. doi:10.1089\/jir.1995.15.933"},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol","first-page":"114704","article-title":"Active vitamin D3-glycoside preserves weight gain and modulates the inflammatory response in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"270","author":"Nunes RA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nunes RA, Duarte M de S, Campos PHRF, et al. Active vitamin D3-glycoside preserves weight gain and modulates the inflammatory response in broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 2020;270:114704. doi:10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114704"},{"issue":"9","key":"B39","series-title":"J Immunol","first-page":"5771","article-title":"IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection","volume":"180","author":"Couper KN","year":"2008","unstructured":"Couper KN, Blount DG, Riley EM. IL-10: the master regulator of immunity to infection. J Immunol. 2008;180(9):5771\u20135777. doi:10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5771"},{"issue":"5","key":"B40","series-title":"PLoS One","first-page":"e0251462","article-title":"The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide","volume":"16","author":"Wang F","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang F, Liu J, Hu X, et al. The influence on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory factors and intestinal injury-related molecules in Wahui pigeon induced by lipopolysaccharide. PLoS One. 2021;16(5):e0251462. doi:10.1371\/journal.pone.0251462"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/5\/ajvr.23.10.0246.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/5\/ajvr.23.10.0246.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/5\/ajvr.23.10.0246.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T17:28:05Z","timestamp":1727803685000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/5\/ajvr.23.10.0246.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.23.10.0246","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]]}}}