{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,31]],"date-time":"2025-07-31T00:49:31Z","timestamp":1753922971679,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine if multistrain probiotics administered to asthmatic cats treated with anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids would attenuate the asthmatic phenotype and beneficially alter respiratory, blood, and oropharyngeal (OP) microbial communities and immune parameters versus placebo.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>13 client-owned asthmatic cats.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial of asthmatic cats receiving anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids with oral multistrain probiotics or placebo assessed owner-perceived improvement and airway eosinophilia at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), blood, OP, and rectal microbial communities were compared using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Real-time PCR for transcription factors, activation markers and cytokines, and IgA ELISAs were evaluated. Statistical analyses used 2-way repeated-measures ANOVA or permutational ANOVA (significance, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>After treatment, there were no significant differences in owner-perceived clinical signs or mean \u00b1 SEM BALF eosinophils between groups. There was a significant decrease in rectal \u03b1-diversity but not in \u03b1- or \u03b2-diversity in BALF, blood, or OP between groups or over time. There were no significant differences in CD25, FoxP3, GATA, Helios, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IFN-\u03b3 mRNA, or serum or BALF IgA between groups or over time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In asthmatic cats, oral multistrain probiotics failed to improve owner-perceived signs, reduce airway eosinophilia, modify microbial community composition, or alter assessed immune responses versus placebo or over time. Longer treatment, different probiotic composition or delivery (eg, aerosolized), or larger number of cats would represent the next stages of study.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.12.0271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T12:50:47Z","timestamp":1716382247000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Multistrain probiotics fail to modulate the asthmatic phenotype, respiratory microbiota, and immune responses in cats"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-5295-6234","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julia D.","family":"Remaks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Garden State Veterinary Specialists, Tinton Falls, NJ"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aida I.","family":"Vientos-Plotts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hansjorg","family":"Rindt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zachary","family":"McAdams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aaron C.","family":"Ericsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"University of Missouri Metagenomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6382-5582","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carol R.","family":"Reinero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"},{"name":"Comparative Internal Medicine Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"Vet J","first-page":"28","article-title":"Advances in the understanding of pathogenesis, and diagnostics and therapeutics for feline allergic asthma","volume":"190","author":"Reinero CR","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reinero CR. 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