{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T11:28:41Z","timestamp":1764588521375},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Present an approach to the safe and efficient provision of anesthesia and birth control measures to a large group of primates.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>98 hamadryas baboons (<jats:italic>Papio hamadryas<\/jats:italic>) held in a German zoological institution.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A group of 12 veterinarians, 2 zookeepers, and 6 volunteers anesthetized all animals within 2 days. The baboons were orally premedicated with midazolam (0.1 to 0.5 mg\/kg) and anesthetized with medetomidine (40 to 60 \u00b5g\/kg, IM) and ketamine (2 to 4 mg\/kg, IM); isoflurane at rates of 1.5% to 2% was used for maintaining anesthesia if necessary. All animals received a physical examination, prophylactic medication, and tuberculin testing. For population management, the animals received a contraceptive implant (adult females), orchiectomy (young males), or vasectomy (breeding males). Young males received intratesticular blocks with lidocaine. All animals received atipamezole (125 to 150 \u00b5g\/kg) before recovery.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Premedication resulted in anxiolysis, which facilitated separating and darting. Median time from darting to access to the animal was 10 minutes. Mean anesthetic times were 25 minutes for females and 55 minutes for males. The depth of anesthesia was appropriate for the procedures. No fatalities were recorded. One animal was injured by other baboons but recovered after treatment.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Health management and birth control measures are necessary in baboon troops under human care. Anesthesia and\/or contraception of individual animals often leads to intraspecific aggression. This case series describes how to provide anesthesia and contraception to an entire troop as an alternative approach that can be adopted to future similar interventions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.12.0274","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T14:35:47Z","timestamp":1715697347000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["How to plan and provide general anesthesia for a troop of 98 hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas) for contraceptive and preventative health interventions"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Julia K.","family":"Reiners","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrike A.","family":"Gregersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neunkircher Zoologischer Garten, Neunkirchen, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"B1","series-title":"J Med Primatol","first-page":"404","article-title":"Reversal of ketamine\/xylazine combination anesthesia by atipamezole in olive baboons (Papio anubis)","volume":"38","author":"Langoi DL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Langoi DL, Mwethera PG, Abelson KSP, Farah IO, Carlsson HE. Reversal of ketamine\/xylazine combination anesthesia by atipamezole in olive baboons (Papio anubis). J Med Primatol. 2009;38(6):404\u2013410. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-0684.2009.00378.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B2","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","first-page":"497","article-title":"Four prenaesthetic oral sedation protocols for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)","volume":"35","author":"Pulley ACS","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pulley ACS, Roberts JA, Lerche NW. Four prenaesthetic oral sedation protocols for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). J Zoo Wildl Med. 2004;35(4):497\u2013502. doi:10.1638\/03-092"},{"issue":"3","key":"B3","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"117","article-title":"Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine: a review of cardiovascular effects and antinociceptive properties in the dog","volume":"32","author":"Murrell JC","year":"2005","unstructured":"Murrell JC, Hellebrekers LJ. Medetomidine and dexmedetomidine: a review of cardiovascular effects and antinociceptive properties in the dog. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2005;32(3):117\u2013127. doi:10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2005.00233.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B4","series-title":"J Zoo Wildl Med","first-page":"822","article-title":"Great ape heart project guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of great apes","volume":"50","author":"Boyd R","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boyd R, Danforth MD, Rapoport G, et al. Great ape heart project guidelines for the echocardiographic assessment of great apes. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2020;50(4):822\u2013836 doi:10.1638\/2018-0164"},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"1","article-title":"Castration of piglets: the analgesic effects of intratesticular and intrafunicular lidocaine injection","volume":"32","author":"Haga HA","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haga HA, Ranheim B. Castration of piglets: the analgesic effects of intratesticular and intrafunicular lidocaine injection. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2005;32(1):1\u20139. doi:10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2004.00225.x"},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"19675","article-title":"Investigating subtle changes in facial expression to assess acute pain in Japanese macaques","volume":"12","author":"Gris VN","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gris VN, Broche N Jr, Kaneko A, et al. Investigating subtle changes in facial expression to assess acute pain in Japanese macaques. Sci Rep. 2022; 12(1):19675 doi:10.1038\/s41598-022-23595-x"},{"issue":"2","key":"B7","series-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","first-page":"298","article-title":"Survey of infections transmissible between baboons and humans, cape town, South Africa","volume":"18","author":"Drewe JA","year":"2012","unstructured":"Drewe JA, O'Riain MJ, Beamish E, Currie H, Parsons S. Survey of infections transmissible between baboons and humans, cape town, South Africa. Emerg Infect Dis. 2012;18(2):298\u2013301 doi:10.3201\/eid1802.111309"},{"issue":"11","key":"B8","series-title":"Am J Primatol","first-page":"948","article-title":"The fourth level of social structure in a multi-level society: ecological and social functions of clans in hamadryas baboons","volume":"71","author":"Schreier AL","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schreier AL, Swedell L. The fourth level of social structure in a multi-level society: ecological and social functions of clans in hamadryas baboons. Am J Primatol. 2009;71(11):948\u2013955. doi:10.1002\/ajp.20736"},{"key":"B9","unstructured":"EAZA Reproductive Management Group. Primates: Cercopithecidae. Accessed April 6, 2024. https:\/\/eazarmg.org\/documents"},{"issue":"10","key":"B10","series-title":"Nurse Pract","first-page":"44","article-title":"Anterograde amnesia linked to benzodiazepines","volume":"17","author":"Mejo SL","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mejo SL. Anterograde amnesia linked to benzodiazepines. Nurse Pract. 1992;17(10):44, 49\u201350. doi:10.1097\/00006205-199210000-00013"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.23.12.0274.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.23.12.0274.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.23.12.0274.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T17:26:49Z","timestamp":1727803609000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.23.12.0274.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.23.12.0274","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-5681"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}}}