{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T20:12:09Z","timestamp":1751400729944},"reference-count":14,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]],"date-time":"2024-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709251200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of SC methadone in four-toed hedgehogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>9 to 12 healthy adult four-toed hedgehogs (7 to 9 males and 3 females).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Hedgehogs underwent 3 randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, complete crossover studies. Hind limb withdrawal latencies in response to an acute thermal noxious stimulus were measured to evaluate the antinociceptive efficacy of methadone. Single doses of SC methadone were evaluated at 0.5 and 1 mg\/kg for dose-dependent effects. Additionally, methadone (1.5 mg\/kg) was administered at different concentrations to assess the effect of injection volume on antinociceptive efficacy. Finally, the safety of multiple doses of methadone (1.5 mg\/kg, SC, q 2 h, for 3 doses) was also evaluated. In addition to monitoring behavior during latency measurements, animals were assessed for overt sedation. Food intake, body weight, and running wheel activity were assessed daily for 6 days following methadone administration to evaluate for adverse effects.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Methadone at 1 and 1.5 mg\/kg provided antinociception lasting &lt; 2 hours, and injection volume had no significant effect on efficacy. Methadone at 0.5 mg\/kg did not induce antinociception. Methadone produced transient abnormal behaviors in all hedgehogs, with more animals affected at the 1.5-mg\/kg dose. Behaviors included periods of standing motionless, vocalization, chewing motions, and paw raising. Single- or multiple-dose administration of methadone had no significant effect on total food intake, body weight, or running wheel activity.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The results of this study provide additional information on providing analgesia to hedgehogs. Subcutaneous methadone (1 to 1.5 mg\/kg) can be used for short-term antinociception in hedgehogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.23.12.0276","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,24]],"date-time":"2024-01-24T14:18:37Z","timestamp":1706105917000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous methadone hydrochloride in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Macy L.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Mans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grayson A.","family":"Doss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery","first-page":"401","article-title":"African pygmy hedgehogs","author":"Doss G","year":"2021","unstructured":"Doss G, Carpenter J. African pygmy hedgehogs. In: Quesenberry K, Orcutt C, Mans C, Carpenter JW, eds. Ferrets, Rabbits, and Rodents: Clinical Medicine and Surgery. 4th ed. Elsevier; 2021:401\u2013415."},{"issue":"6","key":"B2","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"618","article-title":"Antinociceptive efficacy and safety of subcutaneous buprenorphine hydrochloride in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)","volume":"257","author":"Doss G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Doss G, Mans C. Antinociceptive efficacy and safety of subcutaneous buprenorphine hydrochloride in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2020;257(6):618\u2013623. doi:10.2460\/javma.257.6.618"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","article-title":"Subcutaneous hydromorphone hydrochloride provides antinociception with transient adverse effects in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris)","author":"Peterson M","year":"Forthcoming","unstructured":"Peterson M, Mans C, Doss G. Subcutaneous hydromorphone hydrochloride provides antinociception with transient adverse effects in four-toed hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). J Am Vet Med Assoc. Forthcoming."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Lumb and Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia","first-page":"207","article-title":"Opioids","author":"KuKanich B","year":"2015","unstructured":"KuKanich B, Wiese A. Opioids. In: Grimm K, Lamont L, Tranquilli W, Greene S, Robertson S, eds. Lumb and Jones\u2019 Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. 5th ed. John Wiley & Sons; 2015:207\u2013226."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Regional Opioid Analgesia: Physiopharmacological Basis, Drugs, Equipment, and Clinical Application","first-page":"51","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of opioids","author":"De Castro J","year":"1991","unstructured":"De Castro J, Meynadier J, Zenz M. Pharmacokinetics of opioids. In: Regional Opioid Analgesia: Physiopharmacological Basis, Drugs, Equipment, and Clinical Application. Kluwer Academic Publishers; 1991:51\u201383."},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"48","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology of methadone in dogs","volume":"37","author":"Ingvast-Larsson C","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ingvast-Larsson C, Holgersson A, Bondesson U, Lagerstedt AS, Olsson K. Clinical pharmacology of methadone in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2010;37(1):48\u201356. doi:10.1111\/j.1467-2995.2009.00476.x"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Pharmacol Ther","first-page":"531","article-title":"Effects of subcutaneous methadone, morphine, buprenorphine or saline on thermal and pressure thresholds in cats","volume":"29","author":"Steagall PVM","year":"2006","unstructured":"Steagall PVM, Carnicelli P, Taylor PM, Luna SP, Dixon M, Ferreira TH. Effects of subcutaneous methadone, morphine, buprenorphine or saline on thermal and pressure thresholds in cats. J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 2006;29:531\u2013537. doi:10.1111\/j.1365-2885.2006.00800.x"},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Carpenter\u2019s Exotic Animal Formulary","first-page":"459","article-title":"Rodents","author":"Frohlich J","year":"2018","unstructured":"Frohlich J, Mayer J. Rodents. In: Carpenter J, Harms C, eds. Carpenter\u2019s Exotic Animal Formulary. 6th ed. Elsevier; 2018:459\u2013493."},{"issue":"6","key":"B9","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"526","article-title":"Stability of dilutions of methadone alone, and in combination with lidocaine and ketamine","volume":"63","author":"Gomez A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gomez A, Al-Tannak N, Auckburally A, Watson D, Flaherty D. Stability of dilutions of methadone alone, and in combination with lidocaine and ketamine. J Small Anim Pract. 2022;63(6):526\u2013531. doi:10.1111\/jsap.13490"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"B10","series-title":"Brain Res","first-page":"95","article-title":"Differential antinociception by morphine and methadone in two sub-strains of Sprague-Dawley rats and its potentiation by dextromethorphan","volume":"942","author":"Bulka A","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bulka A, Wiesenfeld-Hallin Z, Xu X-J. Differential antinociception by morphine and methadone in two sub-strains of Sprague-Dawley rats and its potentiation by dextromethorphan. Brain Res. 2002;942(1-2):95\u2013100. doi:10.1016\/s0006-8993(02)02701-4"},{"issue":"1","key":"B11","series-title":"Life Sci","first-page":"45","article-title":"The mu1, mu2, delta, kappa opioid receptor binding profiles of methadone stereoisomers and morphine","volume":"56","author":"Kristensen K","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kristensen K, Christensen CB, Christrup LL. The mu1, mu2, delta, kappa opioid receptor binding profiles of methadone stereoisomers and morphine. Life Sci. 1995;56(1):45\u201350. doi:10.1016\/0024-3205(94)00426-s"},{"issue":"5","key":"B12","series-title":"J Parenter Drug Assoc","first-page":"409","article-title":"Bioavailability of parenteral drugs. I. Intravenous and intramuscular doses","volume":"34","author":"Tse FL","year":"1980","unstructured":"Tse FL, Welling PG. Bioavailability of parenteral drugs. I. Intravenous and intramuscular doses. J Parenter Drug Assoc. 1980;34(5):409\u2013421."},{"issue":"1","key":"B13","series-title":"Vet Anaesth Analg","first-page":"97","article-title":"Electrocardiographic evaluation and degree of sedation with three doses of methadone in healthy dogs","volume":"41","author":"Menegheti TM","year":"2014","unstructured":"Menegheti TM, Wagatsuma JT, Pacheco AD, et al. Electrocardiographic evaluation and degree of sedation with three doses of methadone in healthy dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg. 2014;41(1):97\u2013104. doi:10.1111\/vaa.12086"},{"issue":"1","key":"B14","series-title":"Res Vet Sci","first-page":"231","article-title":"Methadone in healthy goats \u2013 pharmacokinetics, behaviour and blood pressure","volume":"95","author":"Ols\u00e9n L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ols\u00e9n L, Olsson K, Hydbring-Sandberg E, Bondesson U, Ingvast-Larsson C. Methadone in healthy goats \u2013 pharmacokinetics, behaviour and blood pressure. Res Vet Sci. 2013;95(1):231\u2013237. doi:10.1016\/j.rvsc.2013.02.013"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/3\/ajvr.23.12.0276.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/3\/ajvr.23.12.0276.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/3\/ajvr.23.12.0276.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T17:29:04Z","timestamp":1727803744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/3\/ajvr.23.12.0276.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]},"references-count":14,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.23.12.0276","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-5681"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,1]]}}}