{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:02:02Z","timestamp":1773154922174,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cardioplegic solutions are indispensable for open-heart surgeries, including mitral valve repair (MVR), a potentially curative treatment for myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. However, procedural methodologies are not fully established, and complications are yet to be comprehensively understood. Cardioplegic solutions contain various substances to protect the myocardium under temporal cardiac arrest. Nevertheless, ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurs as a common complication after releasing the crossclamp. Based on these backgrounds, the search for optimal cardioplegic solutions in dogs undergoing MVR is an urgent issue. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of VF in dogs treated with blood cardioplegia (BCP) versus crystalloid cardioplegia (CCP) during MVR.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A total of 251 client-owned dogs who underwent MVR from November 2015 to November 2017 were included.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>We retrospectively assessed the relationship between VF and type of cardioplegia (CCP or BCP) based on surgical records, including VF incidence, transfusion use, crossclamp time, and echocardiographic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Logistic regression analysis showed that the CCP group was associated with the occurrence of VF (OR, 2.378; CI, 1.133\u20134.992; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .022). In addition, the CCP group was associated with transfusion use (OR, 2.586; CI, 1.232\u20135.428, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .022). There was no difference between the groups for the pre- and postoperative echocardiographic measurements.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The BCP group had a lower incidence of VF and less transfusion use than the CCP group. This finding indicates that BCP may be a superior cardioplegic technique for MVR in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.01.0017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,12]],"date-time":"2024-04-12T14:27:49Z","timestamp":1712932069000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Blood cardioplegia reduces intraoperative ventricular fibrillation and transfusion requirements compared to crystalloid cardioplegia in canine mitral valve repair"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Kentaro","family":"Kurogochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masami","family":"Uechi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JASMINE Veterinary Cardiovascular Medical Center, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"1127","article-title":"ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs","volume":"33","author":"Keene BW","year":"2019","unstructured":"Keene BW, Atkins CE, Bonagura JD, et al. ACVIM consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of myxomatous mitral valve disease in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2019;33(3):1127\u20131140. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15488"},{"issue":"6","key":"B2","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"2232","article-title":"Efficacy of adding ramipril (VAsotop) to the combination of furosemide (Lasix) and pimobendan (VEtmedin) in dogs with mitral valve degeneration: the VALVE trial","volume":"34","author":"Wess G","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wess G, Kresken JG, Wendt R, et al. Efficacy of adding ramipril (VAsotop) to the combination of furosemide (Lasix) and pimobendan (VEtmedin) in dogs with mitral valve degeneration: the VALVE trial. J Vet Intern Med. 2020;34(6):2232\u20132241. doi:10.1111\/jvim.15863"},{"issue":"10","key":"B3","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1194","article-title":"Mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass in small-breed dogs: 48 cases (2006\u20132009)","volume":"240","author":"Uechi M","year":"2012","unstructured":"Uechi M, Mizukoshi T, Mizuno T, et al. Mitral valve repair under cardiopulmonary bypass in small-breed dogs: 48 cases (2006\u20132009). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2012;240(10):1194\u20131201. doi:10.2460\/javma.240.10.1194"},{"issue":"1","key":"B4","series-title":"Open Vet J","first-page":"14","article-title":"Open-heart techniques and mitral valve plasty for mitral regurgitation in toy- and small-breed dogs: a review","volume":"11","author":"Kanemoto I","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kanemoto I, Mihara K, Sato K. Open-heart techniques and mitral valve plasty for mitral regurgitation in toy- and small-breed dogs: a review. Open Vet J. 2021;11(1):14\u201326. doi:10.4314\/ovj.v11i1.4"},{"issue":"7","key":"B5","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"869","article-title":"Technique and postoperative management for successful cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart surgery in dogs","volume":"190","author":"Klement P","year":"1987","unstructured":"Klement P, del Nido PJ, Mickleborough L, MacKay C, Klement G, Wilson GJ. Technique and postoperative management for successful cardiopulmonary bypass and open-heart surgery in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1987;190(7):869\u2013874."},{"issue":"8","key":"B6","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"1089","article-title":"Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs","volume":"219","author":"Orton EC","year":"2001","unstructured":"Orton EC, Mama K, Hellyer P, Hackett TB. Open surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001;219(8):1089\u20131093. doi:10.2460\/javma.2001.219.1089"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Small Animal Thoracic Surgery","first-page":"159","article-title":"Strategies for cardiac surgery","author":"Orton EC","year":"2017","unstructured":"Orton EC, Monnet E. Strategies for cardiac surgery. Small Animal Thoracic Surgery. Wiley Blackwell Chichester; 2017:159\u2013176."},{"issue":"2","key":"B8","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"119","article-title":"Challenges of cardiopulmonary bypass-a review of the veterinary literature","volume":"42","author":"Pelosi A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pelosi A, Anderson LK, Paugh J, Robinson S, Eyster GE. Challenges of cardiopulmonary bypass-a review of the veterinary literature. Vet Surg. 2013;42(2):119\u2013136. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01008.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"B9","series-title":"Pediatr Cardiol","first-page":"1527","article-title":"Blood versus crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Mylonas KS","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mylonas KS, Tzani A, Metaxas P, Schizas D, Boikou V, Economopoulos KP. Blood versus crystalloid cardioplegia in pediatric cardiac surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Cardiol. 2017;38(8):1527\u20131539. doi:10.1007\/s00246-017-1732-4"},{"issue":"5","key":"B10","series-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg","first-page":"604","article-title":"Advantages of blood cardioplegia over continuous coronary perfusion or intermittent ischemia. Experimental and clinical study","volume":"76","author":"Follette DM","year":"1978","unstructured":"Follette DM, Mulder DG, Maloney JV, Buckberg GD. Advantages of blood cardioplegia over continuous coronary perfusion or intermittent ischemia. Experimental and clinical study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1978;76(5):604\u2013619. doi:10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)41007-6"},{"issue":"3","key":"B11","series-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino)","first-page":"241","article-title":"Myocardial resistance and tolerance to ischemia: physiological and biochemical basis","volume":"16","author":"Bretschneider HJ","year":"1975","unstructured":"Bretschneider HJ, H\u00fcbner G, Knoll D, Lohr B, Nordbeck H, Spieckermann PG. Myocardial resistance and tolerance to ischemia: physiological and biochemical basis. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1975;16(3):241\u2013260."},{"issue":"3","key":"B12","series-title":"Ann Thorac Surg","first-page":"805","article-title":"Update on current techniques of myocardial protection","volume":"60","author":"Buckberg GD","year":"1995","unstructured":"Buckberg GD. Update on current techniques of myocardial protection. Ann Thorac Surg. 1995;60(3):805\u2013814. doi:10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00572-3"},{"issue":"3","key":"B13","series-title":"J Extra Corpor Technol","first-page":"98","article-title":"History and use of del Nido cardioplegia solution at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital","volume":"44","author":"Matte GS","year":"2012","unstructured":"Matte GS, del Nido PJ. History and use of del Nido cardioplegia solution at Boston Children\u2019s Hospital. J Extra Corpor Technol. 2012;44(3):98\u2013103. doi:10.1051\/ject\/201244098"},{"issue":"1","key":"B14","series-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol","first-page":"22","article-title":"Cardioplegia: mechanisms of protection revisited","volume":"76","author":"Jynge P","year":"1987","unstructured":"Jynge P, Sellevold OF. Cardioplegia: mechanisms of protection revisited. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1987;76(1):22\u201329."},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"J Vet Cardiovasc Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mitral valve annuloplasty and chordal replacement in dogs","volume":"4","author":"Mizuno M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mizuno M, Uechi M. Mitral valve annuloplasty and chordal replacement in dogs. J Vet Cardiovasc Med. 2020;4(1):1\u20137."},{"key":"B16","series-title":"Small Animal Thoracic Surgery","first-page":"250","author":"Orton EC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Orton EC, Monnet E, Borman M, McCracken T. Small Animal Thoracic Surgery. Wiley Blackwell\/John Wiley & Sons; 2018:250."},{"issue":"2","key":"B17","series-title":"Vet Sci","first-page":"79","article-title":"Hypoglycemia after mitral valve repair in dogs","volume":"11","author":"Nii Y","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nii Y, Takahashi E, Tabata M, Furusato S, Katsumata M, Uechi M. Hypoglycemia after mitral valve repair in dogs. Vet Sci. 2024;11(2):79."},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery","first-page":"143","article-title":"Potassium-induced conversion of ventricular fibrillation after aortic declamping","volume":"16","author":"Almdahl SM","year":"2013","unstructured":"Almdahl SM, Damstuen J, Eide M, M\u00f8lstad P, Halvorsen P, Veel T. Potassium-induced conversion of ventricular fibrillation after aortic declamping. Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery. 2013;16(2):143\u2013150. doi:10.1093\/icvts\/ivs455"},{"issue":"1 Pt 2","key":"B19","series-title":"Am J Physiol","first-page":"H178","article-title":"Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest on myocardial lymphatic function","volume":"268","author":"Mehlhorn U","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mehlhorn U, Davis KL, Burke EJ, Adams D, Laine GA, Allen SJ. Impact of cardiopulmonary bypass and cardioplegic arrest on myocardial lymphatic function. Am J Physiol. 1995;268(1 Pt 2):H178\u2013H183. doi:10.1152\/ajpheart.1995.268.1.H178"},{"issue":"5","key":"B20","series-title":"Ann Surg","first-page":"849","article-title":"Hypothermia; its possible role in cardiac surgery: an investigation of factors governing survival in dogs at low body temperatures","volume":"132","author":"Bigelow WG","year":"1950","unstructured":"Bigelow WG, Lindsay WK, Greenwood WF. Hypothermia; its possible role in cardiac surgery: an investigation of factors governing survival in dogs at low body temperatures. Ann Surg. 1950;132(5):849\u2013866. doi:10.1097\/00000658-195011000-00001"},{"issue":"6","key":"B21","series-title":"Surgery","first-page":"1050","article-title":"Ventricular fibrillation in dogs after sudden return of flow to the coronary artery","volume":"38","author":"Sewell WH","year":"1955","unstructured":"Sewell WH, Koth DR, Huggins CE. Ventricular fibrillation in dogs after sudden return of flow to the coronary artery. Surgery. 1955;38(6):1050\u20131053."},{"issue":"1","key":"B22","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","first-page":"75","article-title":"A clinical comparative study between crystalloid and blood-based St Thomas\u2019 hospital cardioplegic solution","volume":"15","author":"Ibrahim MF","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ibrahim MF, Venn GE, Young CP, Chambers DJ. A clinical comparative study between crystalloid and blood-based St Thomas\u2019 hospital cardioplegic solution. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1999;15(1):75\u201383. doi:10.1016\/S1010-7940(98)00287-5"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"B23","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"I331","article-title":"Is blood superior to crystalloid cardioplegia?","volume":"114","author":"Guru V","year":"2006","unstructured":"Guru V, Omura J, Alghamdi AA, Weisel R, Fremes SE. Is blood superior to crystalloid cardioplegia? Circulation. 2006;114(suppl 1):I331\u2013I338. doi:10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.001644"},{"issue":"6","key":"B24","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"674","article-title":"Open heart surgery with deep hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass in small and toy dogs","volume":"39","author":"Kanemoto I","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kanemoto I, Taguchi D, Yokoyama S, Mizuno M, Suzuki H, Kanamoto T. Open heart surgery with deep hypothermia and cardiopulmonary bypass in small and toy dogs. Vet Surg. 2010;39(6):674\u2013679. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2010.00687.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"B25","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"770","article-title":"Surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs","volume":"220","author":"Martin JM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Martin JM, Orton EC, Boon JA, Mama KR, Gaynor JS, Bright JM. Surgical correction of double-chambered right ventricle in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(6):770\u2013774. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.220.770"},{"issue":"5","key":"B26","series-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg","first-page":"467","article-title":"The end of the cold era: from intermittent cold to intermittent warm blood cardioplegia","volume":"14","author":"Caputo M","year":"1998","unstructured":"Caputo M, Ascione R, Angelini GD, Suleiman MS, Bryan AJ. The end of the cold era: from intermittent cold to intermittent warm blood cardioplegia. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1998;14(5):467\u2013475. doi:10.1016\/S1010-7940(98)00233-4"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"B27","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"Ii316","article-title":"Normothermic cardioplegia prevents intracellular calcium accumulation during cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion","volume":"90","author":"Liu X","year":"1994","unstructured":"Liu X, Engelman RM, Rousou JA, Flack JE 3rd, Deaton DW, Das DK. Normothermic cardioplegia prevents intracellular calcium accumulation during cardioplegic arrest and reperfusion. Circulation. 1994;90(5 Pt 2):Ii316\u2013Ii320."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"B28","series-title":"Circulation","first-page":"Ii80","article-title":"In vitro comparison of oxygen availability from asanguinous and sanguinous cardioplegic media","volume":"64","author":"Digerness SB","year":"1981","unstructured":"Digerness SB, Vanini V, Wideman FE. In vitro comparison of oxygen availability from asanguinous and sanguinous cardioplegic media. Circulation. 1981;64(2 Pt 2):Ii80\u2013Ii83."},{"issue":"10","key":"B29","series-title":"J Card Surg","first-page":"2737","article-title":"Microplegia in cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Owen CM","year":"2020","unstructured":"Owen CM, Asopa S, Smart NA, King N. Microplegia in cardiac surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Card Surg. 2020;35(10):2737\u20132746. doi:10.1111\/jocs.14895"},{"key":"B30","series-title":"Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Principles and Practice","first-page":"172","article-title":"Myocardial protection","author":"Slater M","year":"2008","unstructured":"Slater M, Komanapalli C, Song H. Myocardial protection. In: Gravlee GP, ed. Cardiopulmonary Bypass: Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008:172\u2013189."},{"key":"B31","series-title":"Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling and Arrhythmias","first-page":"330","article-title":"Repolarization changes in the synchronously and dyssynchronously contracting failing heart","author":"Aiba T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aiba T, Tomaselli GF. Repolarization changes in the synchronously and dyssynchronously contracting failing heart. In: Kohl P, Sachs F, Franz MR, eds. Cardiac Mechano-Electric Coupling and Arrhythmias. 2nd ed. Oxford University Press; 2011:330\u2013339."}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.24.01.0017.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.24.01.0017.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.24.01.0017.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T17:27:10Z","timestamp":1727803630000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/7\/ajvr.24.01.0017.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.24.01.0017","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]}}}