{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:15:42Z","timestamp":1792109742771,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]],"date-time":"2024-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719792000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To report the clinical outcomes in toy-breed dogs with atlantoaxial instability (AAI) stabilized with patient-specific 3-D-printed titanium plates or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), both with the assistance of 3-D\u2013printed drill guides.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>15 client-owned dogs undergoing surgical treatment for AAI between January 1, 2020, and October 31, 2022.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The clinical characteristics, diagnostic images, and neurological outcomes of 15 dogs treated for AAI using 3-D\u2013printing technology were reviewed. Postoperative CT images were examined to evaluate the screw placement accuracy in the atlas and axis. Clinical outcomes, including postoperative neurological improvement and screw loosening, were evaluated in dogs treated with a patient-specific titanium plate and those treated with PMMA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient-specific titanium plates (7 dogs) and PMMA (8 dogs) were used for AAI stabilization. The mean follow-up period was 15.2 months (range 7 to 22 months). A reduction of the axis without vertebral canal violation was confirmed on postoperative CT in 14 dogs. The mean deviation from the preoperative planning ranged from 0.30 to 1.27 mm at the insertion and exit points of 84 screws using this method. The neurological grade had improved in each dog postoperatively and at the final follow-up. Screw loosening was noted in 4 dogs in the titanium plates groups without neurological deterioration.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Patient-specific 3-D\u2013printed drill guides and titanium plates or PMMA are effective for AAI stabilization in toy-breed dogs, providing accurate guidance.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.02.0023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T14:58:51Z","timestamp":1714057131000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Atlantoaxial joint stabilization using patient-specific 3-D\u2013printed drill guides and 3-D\u2013printed titanium plates or polymethyl methacrylate is effective in toy-breed dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Yeowool","family":"Seon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheongwoon","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changsu","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ilsan Animal Medical Center, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hey","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sun-Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byung-Jae","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"},{"name":"BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"37","article-title":"Atlanto-axial subluxation in the dog: a review of thirty cases and an evaluation of treatment by lag screw fixation","volume":"29","author":"Denny HR","year":"1988","unstructured":"Denny HR, Gibbs C, Waterman A. 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An indirect reduction technique for ventral stabilization of atlantoaxial instability in miniature breed dogs. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2012;25(4):332\u2013336."},{"issue":"2","key":"B24","series-title":"Clin Spine Surg","first-page":"80","article-title":"Patient-specific rods for surgical correction of sagittal imbalance in adults: technical aspects and preliminary results","volume":"32","author":"Solla F","year":"2019","unstructured":"Solla F, Barrey CY, Burger E, Kleck CJ, Fi\u00e8re V. Patient-specific rods for surgical correction of sagittal imbalance in adults: technical aspects and preliminary results. 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