{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,21]],"date-time":"2025-10-21T15:52:47Z","timestamp":1761061967145},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Porcine interferon-\u03b3 (poIFN-\u03b3) and porcine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (poGM-CSF) are multifunctional cytokines that exhibit robust antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). In this study, the immunoadjuvant effects of recombinant poIFN-\u03b3-poGM-CSF fusion protein in inactivated PRRSV vaccine administered to piglets were assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Twenty-eight 4-week-old specific pathogen-free piglets.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The experimental piglets were divided into control, highly pathologic PRRSV, PRRSV killed virus vaccine (KV), poIFN-\u03b3-poGM-CSF, KV + 1.0 mg poIFN-\u03b3-poGM-CSF, KV + 2.0 mg poIFN-\u03b3-poGM-CSF, and KV + 4.0 mg poIFN-\u03b3-poGM-CSF groups. A recombinant poIFN-\u03b3-linker-poGM-CSF fusion gene was constructed via splicing by overlap extension PCR and prepared using an <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> expression system, after which its adjuvant activity in the context of PRRSV KV administration was assessed.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This analysis revealed the successful construction of the poIFN-\u03b3-linker-poGM-CSF fusion gene via splicing by overlap extension PCR, with recombinant poIFN-\u03b3-linker-poGM-CSF successfully being prepared in <jats:italic>E coli<\/jats:italic> with a plasmid vector for expressing thioredoxin fusion proteins with an enterokinase site. Importantly, the coadministration of poIFN-\u03b3-linker-poGM-CSF and PRRSV KV significantly increased neutralizing antibody titers, accelerated viral clearance, reduced clinical symptoms, and prevented highly pathogenic PRRSV infection.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The recombinant poIFN-\u03b3-poGM-CSF fusion protein is a promising candidate adjuvant for use in the context of swine immunization and viral challenge.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.02.0025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T13:31:01Z","timestamp":1718631061000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Enhancing immunogenicity and antiviral protection of inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine in piglets"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Bing-Lei","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuai","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun-Huan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Wen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Zhu","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Hui","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, People's Republic of China"},{"name":"Hebei Veterinary Biotechnology Innovation Center, Baoding, People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Front Microbiol","first-page":"618","article-title":"Genetic diversity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from 1996 to 2017 in China","volume":"11","author":"Jiang Y","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Li G, Yu L, et al. 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