{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:38:53Z","timestamp":1791995933833,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To utilize sidestream dark field video microscopic technology to evaluate the endothelium in a canine hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>6 purpose-bred adult dogs were anesthetized, instrumented, and subjected to hemorrhagic shock from September 2021 through June 2022. Each dog was resuscitated with 5 resuscitation strategies in an experimental crossover design study: (1) lactated Ringer\u2019s solution (LRS) and hydroxyethyl starch (HES) solution; (2) canine chilled whole blood (CWB); (3) canine fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and packed RBCs (pRBC); (4) canine freeze-dried plasma (FDP) and hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier (HBOC); or (5) HBOC\/FDP and canine lyophilized platelets. Sidestream dark field video microscopic evaluation was performed at 5 time points: commencement, after hemorrhage, after shock, after resuscitation (T135), and conclusion (T180).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>There was a significant difference between the perfused boundary region (PBR) measurements when comparing the LRS\/HES resuscitation arm to the CWB and FFP\/pRBC resuscitation arms at T180. A significant difference in PBR was appreciated in the LRS\/HES arm at T135 and T180 compared to its baseline. No other significant differences in PBR were appreciated when resuscitation arms were compared longitudinally or to each other.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Shelf-stable blood products preserved the endothelial glycocalyx similarly to CWB and pRBC\/FFP as evaluated by sidestream dark field video microscopy. Lactated Ringer and HES solutions did not adequately preserve the endothelial glycocalyx compared to CWB and pRBC\/FFP.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Shelf-stable blood products are a viable option to preserve the endothelial glycocalyx when used during hemorrhagic resuscitation in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.05.0152","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,10]],"date-time":"2024-10-10T13:31:22Z","timestamp":1728567082000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Sidestream dark field video microscopy demonstrates shelf-stable blood products preserve the endothelial glycocalyx in a canine hemorrhagic shock model"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Ryan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebekah","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Ewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5399-932X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kelly E.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8622-4387","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Julien","family":"Guillaumin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas H.","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX"},{"name":"US Army Institute for Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilee C.","family":"Venn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute for Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lonnie E.","family":"Grantham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"US Army Institute for Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, TX"},{"name":"The Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8635-3960","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Guillaume L.","family":"Hoareau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"},{"name":"Biomedical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"},{"name":"Nora Eccles-Harrison Cardiovascular and Research Training Institute, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Pflugers Arch","first-page":"345","article-title":"The endothelial glycocalyx: composition, functions, and visualization","volume":"454","author":"Reitsma S","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reitsma S, Slaaf DW, Vink H, van Zandvoort MA, oude Egbrink MG. 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