{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T12:40:09Z","timestamp":1730464809290,"version":"3.28.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe the presentation, clinical findings, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of cases of trismus (lockjaw) in cold-stunned sea turtles.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>ANIMALS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>4 Kemp's ridley (<jats:italic>Lepidochelys kempii<\/jats:italic>) and 1 loggerhead (<jats:italic>Caretta caretta<\/jats:italic>) sea turtle.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cold-stunned sea turtles that presented with difficulty or inability to open their jaw between 2009 and 2023 were included. Information retrieved from medical records included signalment, physical exam findings, diagnostic information, definitive diagnosis via either advanced imaging or histopathology, treatment, and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Turtles presented between 4 and 48 days into rehabilitation. Three were diagnosed by advanced imaging (CT or MRI), and 2 were diagnosed based on clinical signs and postmortem histopathology. Treatment was multimodal and consisted of antibiotics (5\/5), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (5\/5), vitamin E (3\/5), intralesional steroid therapy (3\/5), acupuncture (3\/5), antifungals (2\/5), anti-inflammatory parenteral steroids (2\/5), physical therapy (2\/5), therapeutic laser (2\/5), and supportive feeding via either total parenteral nutrition (1\/5), or tube feedings (2\/5). Two animals were released, 2 died naturally, and 1 was euthanized.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Trismus (lockjaw) is an uncommon finding in stranded cold-stunned sea turtles that can have a significant impact on animal welfare if not diagnosed and treated. This report describes the condition to aid clinical case management and resource allocation in rehabilitation facilities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.06.0166","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,16]],"date-time":"2024-09-16T17:16:06Z","timestamp":1726506966000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Trismus in cold-stunned Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) and loggerhead (Caretta caretta) sea turtles"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Megan M.","family":"Strobel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn A.","family":"Tuxbury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Department, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie M.","family":"Cavin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Department, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Stacy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources, University of Florida (Duty Station), Gainesville, FL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire A.","family":"McManus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McManus Acupuncture, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Melissa J.","family":"Joblon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Department, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Balik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aimee L.","family":"Berliner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Aquarium, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emily","family":"Reinhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Ivan\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZooRadOne, Plainfield, IL"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer O.","family":"Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts Veterinary Referral Hospital, Woburn, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles J.","family":"Innis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Health Department, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA"},{"name":"Anderson Cabot Center for Ocean Life, New England Aquarium, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","unstructured":"The IUCN red list of threatened species. 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