{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T05:12:13Z","timestamp":1733202733119,"version":"3.30.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the feasibility of catheterizing the portal vein to obtain serial portal vein blood samples in steers. We hypothesized that the portal vein catheterization would be a successful continuous sampling technique with minimal adverse effects in steers.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>2 groups of steers were used: a pilot group (n = 2) and experimental group (n = 6). In both groups, steers were sedated with xylazine. The right rib spaces were clipped and aseptically prepped. The portal vein was visualized via ultrasound, and a 14-gauge catheter was placed percutaneously and advanced into the portal vein. A guide wire was passed through the catheter, followed by a tissue dilator and then a vascular balloon catheter. In the pilot group, blood chemistries were performed prior to portal vein catheterization and then again once the catheter was placed (with samples from both the jugular vein and portal catheter). The liver was also examined at necropsy for any gross lesions in both groups.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>All steers tolerated the portal vein catheters well, with the catheters lasting for the full length of the study period (7 days). The only observed adverse reaction was a superficial abscess at the catheter site (n = 3). On necropsy, 1 liver had gross discoloration, but no other abnormalities were noted. There were no significant changes in biochemistry profiles before or after portal vein catheterization.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Portal vein catheterization is a novel and feasible serial sampling technique of the portal vein.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This technique can be used in future pharmacokinetic, nutrition, metabolism, or toxicity studies.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.06.0178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,26]],"date-time":"2024-09-26T12:27:14Z","timestamp":1727353634000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Novel drug sampling technique: portal vein catheterization in steers"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"85","author":[{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Halleran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madelyn","family":"Schwartz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Dillenbeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Derek","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"year":"2017","key":"B1","unstructured":"Antimicrobial use and stewardship on U.S. feedlots, 2017. USDA APHIS. May, 2019. Accessed August 2024. https:\/\/www.aphis.usda.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/amu-feedlots.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"B2","series-title":"Drug Discov Today","first-page":"761","article-title":"Models for drug absorption from the small intestine: where are we and where are we going?","volume":"22","author":"Billat PA","year":"2017","unstructured":"Billat PA, Roger E, Faure S, Lagarce F. Models for drug absorption from the small intestine: where are we and where are we going? Drug Discov Today. 2017;22(5):761\u2013775. doi:10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.01.007"},{"issue":"22","key":"B3","series-title":"Vet Rec","first-page":"623","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous portocentesis in 21 cows","volume":"147","author":"Braun U","year":"2000","unstructured":"Braun U, Koller-Wild K, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous portocentesis in 21 cows. Vet Rec. 2000;147(22):623\u2013626."},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Agr Practice","first-page":"41","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheterization of the portal vein in cattle","volume":"10","author":"Lechtenberg KF","year":"1989","unstructured":"Lechtenberg KF, Nagaraja TG, Avery TB, et al. Ultrasound-guided percutaneous catheterization of the portal vein in cattle. Agr Practice. 1989;10:41\u201342."},{"issue":"5","key":"B5","series-title":"Acta Radiology","first-page":"368","article-title":"Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography","volume":"38","author":"Seldinger SI","year":"1952","unstructured":"Seldinger SI. Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography. Acta Radiology. 1952;38(5):368\u2013376."},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ultrasound-guided catheterization of the portal vein in 11 cows using the seldinger technique","volume":"50","author":"Braun U","year":"2003","unstructured":"Braun U, Camenzind D, Ossent P. Ultrasound-guided catheterization of the portal vein in 11 cows using the seldinger technique. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2003;50(1):1\u20137."},{"issue":"7","key":"B7","series-title":"J Vet Med Sci","first-page":"821","article-title":"Percutaneous ultrasound-guided over-the-wire catheterization of the portal and hepatic vessels in cattle","volume":"65","author":"Mohamed T","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mohamed T, Oikawa S, Nakada K, Kurosawa T, Sawamukai Y, Sato H. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided over-the-wire catheterization of the portal and hepatic vessels in cattle. J Vet Med Sci. 2003;65(7):821\u2013824. doi:10.1292\/jvms.65.821"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/12\/ajvr.24.06.0178.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/12\/ajvr.24.06.0178.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/12\/ajvr.24.06.0178.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T14:08:04Z","timestamp":1733148484000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/85\/12\/ajvr.24.06.0178.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"references-count":7,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.24.06.0178","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-5681"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]}}}