{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:58:34Z","timestamp":1777510714922,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In dogs with diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), we have identified electron microscopic changes suggestive of abnormal lysosomal accumulation of phospholipids and consistent with the appearance of drug-induced phospholipidosis in people and other animals. The objective of this study was to compare concentrations of urine di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate (BMP), a biomarker of drug-induced phospholipidosis, in dogs with DCM eating high-pulse (HP) diets, dogs with DCM eating low-pulse (LP) diets, and healthy controls (control-HP and control-LP).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>In this cross-sectional study, voided urine was collected from client-owned dogs with DCM from September 2018 through March 2020. Urine di-22:6-BMP was measured by LC-MS-MS and normalized to urine creatinine. Normalized di-22:6-BMP concentrations were compared among groups using mixed-effects-model analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>53 dogs were included: DCM-HP (n = 25), DCM-LP (n = 4), control-HP (n = 10), and control-LP (n = 14). Mixed-effects models adjusted for age and sex showed that HP diet was significantly associated with higher normalized urine di-22:6-BMP concentrations. A 1-way ANOVA identified a significant difference among the 4 groups, with Tukey post hoc analysis showing that the DCM-HP group had significantly higher normalized urine di-22:6-BMP concentrations compared to the control-LP group. Normalized di-22:6-BMP concentrations were significantly positively correlated with diet pulse scores (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.52).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>High-pulse diets were significantly associated with higher normalized urine di-22:6-BMP concentrations.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>These results support the possible presence of primary or secondary phospholipidosis in dogs with diet-associated DCM and provide a plausible mechanism for further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.07.0211","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,28]],"date-time":"2024-10-28T13:21:13Z","timestamp":1730121673000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Dogs with diet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy have higher urine di-docosahexaenoyl (22:6)-bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate, a biomarker of phospholipidosis"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0569-9557","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lisa M.","family":"Freeman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8277-8996","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"John E.","family":"Rush","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian R.","family":"Berridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"B2 Pathology Solutions LLC, Cary, NC"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard N.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Teaching Hospital, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5412-340X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Esther Gisela","family":"Martinez-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2018","unstructured":"FDA investigating potential connections between diet and cases of canine heart disease. US FDA. July 12, 2018. Accessed July 21, 2024. https:\/\/wayback.archive-it.org\/7993\/20201222194256\/https:\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/cvm-updates\/fda-investigating-potential-connection-between-diet-and-cases-canine-heart-disease"},{"key":"B2","year":"2019","unstructured":"FDA investigation into potential link between certain diets and canine dilated cardiomyopathy. US FDA. June 27, 2019. Accessed July 21, 2024. https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/animal-veterinary\/outbreaks-and-advisories\/fda-investigation-potential-link-between-certain-diets-and-canine-dilated-cardiomyopathy"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"Sci Reports","first-page":"15881","article-title":"Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis","volume":"11","author":"Smith CE","year":"2021","unstructured":"Smith CE, Parnell LD, Lai C-Q, Rush JE, Freeman LM. Investigation of diets associated with dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs using foodomics analysis. 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