{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T03:29:41Z","timestamp":1783481381917,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the presence of <jats:italic>Tritrichomonas foetus<\/jats:italic> in the accessory sex glands, epididymis, and testicular tissue of <jats:italic>T foetus<\/jats:italic>\u2013positive bulls and to assess the impact of post mortem tissue acidity on quantitative reverse-transcription PCR results.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>8 bulls were euthanized from June 12 through June 15, 2023, and samples from their accessory sex glands, testicles, and epididymis were collected for <jats:italic>T foetus<\/jats:italic> testing. Preputial smegma was obtained before and after euthanasia and tested for <jats:italic>T foetus<\/jats:italic> by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. The pH of the penile and preputial epithelial surfaces was measured.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Tritrichomonas foetus<\/jats:italic> was not detected in samples from the testicle, epididymis, or epididymal semen. A post mortem decrease in the pH of the penis and prepuce correlated with a rise in cycle threshold values.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:italic>Tritrichomonas foetus<\/jats:italic> was not present in samples taken, suggesting its absence in these specific reproductive tissues. A decrease in the pH of the penis and prepuce over time post mortem correlated with an increase in cycle threshold values in the samples. This relationship indicates that changes in pH may impact the detectability or stability of genetic material in these tissues, possibly affecting diagnostic outcomes as time from death progresses.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This research enhances the understanding of <jats:italic>T foetus<\/jats:italic> pathology in bulls and suggests that epididymal semen recovery could be a viable method for preserving genetic material from valuable bulls that test positive for <jats:italic>T foetus<\/jats:italic>. It also emphasizes the need for timely post mortem sampling to ensure accurate detection and management of <jats:italic>T foetus<\/jats:italic> in the cattle industry.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.08.0239","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T13:50:00Z","timestamp":1733147400000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tritrichomonas foetus is not located in the accessory glands, epididymis, or testicles of infected bulls, and post mortem changes influence recovery of organism"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0096-5040","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jennifer H.","family":"Koziol","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clinton J.","family":"Roof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Myers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Cruz Penn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5718-753X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ryan B.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Veterinary Medicine, Texas Tech University, Amarillo, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"B1","series-title":"Infect Immun","first-page":"2158","article-title":"Adherence of Tritrichomonas foetus to bovine vaginal epithelial cells","volume":"57","author":"Corbeil LB","year":"1989","unstructured":"Corbeil LB, Hodgson JL, Jones DW, Corbeil RR, Widders PR, Stephens LR. 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