{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T10:30:49Z","timestamp":1785234649666,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To assess the accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system (FGMS; FreeStyle Libre 2) in healthy dogs during isoflurane general anesthesia.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>6 purpose-bred Beagle dogs underwent 3 anesthetic events, 1 week apart, in a randomized crossover study. 1 of 3 mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) states were induced under isoflurane anesthesia (hypotension [MAP, \u2264 60 mm Hg], normotension [MAP, 80 to 120 mm Hg], and hypertension [MAP, \u2265 120 mm Hg]) for 40 minutes. Interstitial glucose was collected from an FGMS (applied to the dog's neck prior to anesthesia) at 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes from stabilization within targeted MAP range. Whole-blood samples were collected from a lateral saphenous vein for plasma glucose measurement (blood glucose gold standard; BG<jats:sub>GS<\/jats:sub>) and via marginal lip mucosal puncture for point-of-care glucose measurement (blood glucose point-of-care; BG<jats:sub>POC<\/jats:sub>). Shrout-Fleiss intraclass correlation and Bland-Altman analysis were performed. Accuracy was determined using human International Organization for Standardization criteria, including Parkes consensus error grid analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Interstitial glucose strongly correlated with BG<jats:sub>GS<\/jats:sub> and BG<jats:sub>POC<\/jats:sub> (intraclass correlation, 0.962 and 0.953, respectively). Interstitial glucose measured higher than BG<jats:sub>GS<\/jats:sub> (median[IQR] difference 9[\u22122 to 20] g\/dL) and lower than BG<jats:sub>POC<\/jats:sub> (\u221227[\u221237 to \u221211] g\/dL). Interstitial glucose BG<jats:sub>GS<\/jats:sub> increased as MAP decreased. 62.1% and 63.3% of interstitial glucose measurements were within \u00b1 15 mg\/dL when BG<jats:sub>GS<\/jats:sub> \u2264 100 mg\/dL and within \u00b1 15% of BG<jats:sub>GS<\/jats:sub> when &gt; 100 mg\/dL, respectively. However, 100% were within zones A and B of error grid analysis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Despite not meeting International Organization for Standardization standards, the FreeStyle Libre 2 demonstrated clinical accuracy for monitoring glucose concentrations in anesthetized dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The application of an FGMS before anesthesia may be useful for monitoring at-risk patients perioperatively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.08.0242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T14:03:38Z","timestamp":1734703418000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Accuracy of a flash glucose monitoring system in healthy dogs during isoflurane anesthesia"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Pollack","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Cromwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-0370","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Adrianna M.","family":"Sage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Small Animal Critical Care Medicine","first-page":"352","article-title":"Hypoglycemia","author":"Koenig A","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koenig A. 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