{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T12:05:48Z","timestamp":1759838748858,"version":"3.35.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study aimed to evaluate the prognosis of root canal treatment (RCT) in dogs with complicated crown-root fractures (CCRFs) of the maxillary fourth premolar (PM4), focusing on the impact of periodontal probing depth (PPD) and furcation involvement on treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The study analyzed 122 PM4 teeth affected by CCRF in dogs. The primary outcomes were the success rates of RCT, measured against PPD, and the degree of furcation involvement (stages F0, F1, and F2). The PPD was measured preoperatively to assess its correlation with treatment prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The analysis revealed that RCT outcomes were poor when PPD reached or exceeded 5.43 mm at the F0 stage of furcation involvement. Similarly, poor prognoses were associated with a PPD of 4.60 mm or more at the F1 stage and 3.76 mm or more at the F2 stage. These findings indicate a significant relationship between PPD, furcation involvement, and the success of RCT in CCRF-affected PM4 teeth.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Both PPD and furcation involvement are critical factors influencing the success rate of RCT in dogs with CCRF-affected PM4 teeth. When considering RCT for such cases, these parameters should be carefully evaluated to optimize treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study highlights the importance of assessing PPD and furcation involvement in the decision-making process for RCT in dogs with CCRF of the PM4 teeth, providing valuable insights for veterinary dental practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.09.0260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,6]],"date-time":"2024-12-06T13:39:57Z","timestamp":1733492397000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluating periodontal probing depth and furcation involvement on the endodontic treatment of maxillary fourth premolar complicated crown-root fractures in 122 teeth"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Gyumin","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Youngung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yeon Animal Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kue Hwan","family":"Choe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taeil Animal Dental Clinics, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sangjun","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haru Animal Hospital, Moak-ro, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Su Young","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Namsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"B1","series-title":"Acta Vet Brno","first-page":"115","article-title":"Tooth fracture evaluation and endodontic treatment in dogs","volume":"69","author":"Cap\u00edk I","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cap\u00edk I, Ledeck\u00fd V, \u0160ev\u010d\u00edk A. Tooth fracture evaluation and endodontic treatment in dogs. Acta Vet Brno. 2000;69(2):115\u2013122. doi:10.2754\/avb200069020115"},{"issue":"1","key":"B2","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"6","article-title":"Classification and epidemiology of traumatic dentoalveolar injuries in dogs and cats: 959 injuries in 660 patient visits (2004\u20132012)","volume":"32","author":"Soukup JW","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soukup JW, Hetzel S, Paul A. Classification and epidemiology of traumatic dentoalveolar injuries in dogs and cats: 959 injuries in 660 patient visits (2004\u20132012). J Vet Dent. 2015;32(1):6\u201314. doi:10.1177\/089875641503200101"},{"issue":"2","key":"B3","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"71","article-title":"The incidence of radiographic lesions of endodontic origin associated with uncomplicated crown fractures of the maxillary fourth premolar in canine patients","volume":"37","author":"Goodman AE","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goodman AE, Niemiec BA, Carmichael DT, Thilenius S, Lamb KE, Tozer E. The incidence of radiographic lesions of endodontic origin associated with uncomplicated crown fractures of the maxillary fourth premolar in canine patients. J Vet Dent. 2020;37(2):71\u201376. doi:10.1177\/0898756420946500"},{"key":"B4","series-title":"Atlas of Dental Radiography in Dogs and Cats","author":"Dupont GA","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dupont GA, Debowes LJ. Atlas of Dental Radiography in Dogs and Cats. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2008."},{"issue":"1","key":"B5","series-title":"J Small Anim Pract","first-page":"9","article-title":"Prevalence and nature of dentoalveolar injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures","volume":"54","author":"Soukup JW","year":"2013","unstructured":"Soukup JW, Mulherin BL, Snyder CJ. Prevalence and nature of dentoalveolar injuries among patients with maxillofacial fractures. J Small Anim Pract. 2013;54(1):9\u201314. doi:10.1111\/j.1748-5827.2012.01295.x"},{"issue":"9","key":"B6","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Dent","first-page":"E132","article-title":"Uncommon crown-root fracture treated with adhesive tooth fragment reattachment: 7 years of follow-up","volume":"32","author":"Santos D","year":"2011","unstructured":"Santos D. Uncommon crown-root fracture treated with adhesive tooth fragment reattachment: 7 years of follow-up. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2011;32(9):E132\u2013E135."},{"issue":"5","key":"B7","series-title":"Dent Traumatol","first-page":"288","article-title":"Multiple complicated crown-root fracture of a permanent incisor","volume":"20","author":"Turgut MD","year":"2004","unstructured":"Turgut MD, G\u00f6n\u00fcl N, Altay N. Multiple complicated crown-root fracture of a permanent incisor. Dent Traumatol. 2004;20(5):288\u2013292. doi:10.1111\/j.1600-9657.2004.00248.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B8","series-title":"Stomatol Edu J","first-page":"279","article-title":"Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth","volume":"6","author":"Andreasen JO","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andreasen JO, Andreasen FM, Andersson L. Textbook and color atlas of traumatic injuries to the teeth. Stomatol Edu J. 2019;6(4):279. doi:10.25241\/stomaeduj.2019.6(4).bookreview.3"},{"key":"B9","series-title":"Wiggs\u2019s Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice","author":"Lobprise HB","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lobprise HB, Dodd JRB. Wiggs\u2019s Veterinary Dentistry: Principles and Practice. John Wiley & Sons; 2019."},{"issue":"1","key":"B10","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"34","article-title":"Dental bulge restoration and gingival collar expansion after endodontic treatment of a complicated maxillary fourth premolar crown-root fracture in a dog","volume":"25","author":"Reiter AM","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reiter AM, Lewis JR. Dental bulge restoration and gingival collar expansion after endodontic treatment of a complicated maxillary fourth premolar crown-root fracture in a dog. J Vet Dent. 2008;25(1):34\u201345. doi:10.1177\/089875640802500109"},{"issue":"10","key":"B11","series-title":"Aust Vet J","first-page":"383","article-title":"Endodontics of dogs and cats: an alternative to extraction","volume":"72","author":"Clarke DE","year":"1995","unstructured":"Clarke DE. Endodontics of dogs and cats: an alternative to extraction. Aust Vet J. 1995;72(10):383\u2013389. doi:10.1111\/j.1751-0813.1995.tb06176.x"},{"key":"B12","series-title":"Fundamentals of Clinical Endodontics","author":"Jensen JR","year":"1984","unstructured":"Jensen JR, Serene TP. Fundamentals of Clinical Endodontics. Kendall\/Hunt Publishing Company; 1984."},{"issue":"6","key":"B13","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"775","article-title":"Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995\u20132000)","volume":"220","author":"Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kuntsi-Vaattovaara H, Verstraete FJM, Kass PH. Results of root canal treatment in dogs: 127 cases (1995\u20132000). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2002;220(6):775\u2013780. doi:10.2460\/javma.2002.220.775"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Dentistry","author":"Gorrel C","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gorrel C, Robinson J, Sixteen C. BSAVA Manual of Small Animal Dentistry. Wiley & Sons; 1995."},{"issue":"2","key":"B15","series-title":"Vet Rec Case Rep","first-page":"e000776","article-title":"Endodontics: standard endodontic treatment of a discolored maxillary canine tooth in a dog","volume":"7","author":"Thatcher G","year":"2019","unstructured":"Thatcher G, Thatcher G. Endodontics: standard endodontic treatment of a discolored maxillary canine tooth in a dog. Vet Rec Case Rep. 2019;7(2):e000776. doi:10.1136\/vetreccr-2018-000776"},{"issue":"1","key":"B16","series-title":"Acta Vet Brno","first-page":"65","article-title":"Teeth abnormalities in the dog","volume":"70","author":"Pavlica Z","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pavlica Z, Erjavec V, Petelin M. Teeth abnormalities in the dog. Acta Vet Brno. 2001;70(1):65\u201372. doi:10.2754\/avb200170010065"},{"issue":"5","key":"B17","series-title":"Compend Contin Educ Vet","first-page":"625","article-title":"The clinical significance of root morphology in periodontal disease in dogs","volume":"17","author":"Smith MM","year":"1995","unstructured":"Smith MM. The clinical significance of root morphology in periodontal disease in dogs. Compend Contin Educ Vet. 1995;17(5):625\u2013635. doi:10.5555\/19952212127"},{"issue":"2","key":"B18","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"242","article-title":"Furcation anatomy of the first mandibular molar in dogs","volume":"53","author":"Smith MM","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith MM, Massoudi LM, Nunes JD, McCain WC. Furcation anatomy of the first mandibular molar in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1992;53(2):242\u2013245. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.1992.53.02.242"},{"issue":"12","key":"B19","series-title":"Am J Vet Res","first-page":"2050","article-title":"Furcation entrance anatomy of the fourth maxillary premolar in dogs","volume":"51","author":"Smith MM","year":"1990","unstructured":"Smith MM, Moon ML, Callan M, Rozum M. Furcation entrance anatomy of the fourth maxillary premolar in dogs. Am J Vet Res. 1990;51(12):2050\u20132053. doi:10.2460\/ajvr.1990.51.12.2050"},{"issue":"2","key":"B20","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"65","article-title":"Mandible and mandibular first molar tooth measurements in dogs: relationship of radiographic height to body weight","volume":"18","author":"Gioso MA","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gioso MA, Shofer F, Barros PS, Harvey CE. Mandible and mandibular first molar tooth measurements in dogs: relationship of radiographic height to body weight. J Vet Dent. 2001;18(2):65\u201368. doi:10.1177\/089875640101800202"},{"issue":"2","key":"B21","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"151","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of furcation lesions in dogs \u2013 a review","volume":"39","author":"Zacher A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zacher A, Marretta SM. Diagnosis and management of furcation lesions in dogs \u2013 a review. J Vet Dent. 2022;39(2):151\u2013172. doi:10.1177\/08987564221076908."},{"issue":"5","key":"B22","series-title":"Clin Exp Dent Res","first-page":"1218","article-title":"Treatment of cracked teeth: a comprehensive narrative review","volume":"8","author":"Kakka A","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kakka A, Gavriil D, Whitworth J. Treatment of cracked teeth: a comprehensive narrative review. Clin Exp Dent Res. 2022;8(5):1218\u20131248. doi:10.1002\/cre2.617"},{"issue":"4","key":"B23","series-title":"Eur J Dent","first-page":"694","article-title":"Characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of cracked teeth: a comparison with data from 10 years ago","volume":"15","author":"Lee TY","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee TY, Yang SE, Kim HM, Kye MJ. Characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of cracked teeth: a comparison with data from 10 years ago. Eur J Dent. 2021;15(4):694\u2013701. doi:10.1055\/s-0041-1728842"},{"issue":"4","key":"B24","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"159","article-title":"Endodontic treatment and metal crown restoration of a fractured maxillary right fourth premolar tooth: a case report","volume":"16","author":"Brine EJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"Brine EJ, Marretta SM. Endodontic treatment and metal crown restoration of a fractured maxillary right fourth premolar tooth: a case report. J Vet Dent. 1999;16(4):159\u2013163. doi:10.1177\/089875649901600401"},{"key":"B25","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","first-page":"339","article-title":"Fracture limits of maxillary fourth premolar teeth in domestic dogs under applied forces","volume":"5","author":"Soltero-Rivera M","year":"2018","unstructured":"Soltero-Rivera M, Elliott MI, Hast MW, et al. Fracture limits of maxillary fourth premolar teeth in domestic dogs under applied forces. Front Vet Sci. 2018;5:339. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2018.00339"},{"key":"B26","series-title":"Yamaguchi J Vet Med","first-page":"37","article-title":"A survey of the fractured teeth of sixty canines and their treatment","volume":"32","author":"Yamaoka K","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yamaoka K, Hachimura H, Kuyama T, Hirokawa M, Amimoto A. A survey of the fractured teeth of sixty canines and their treatment. Yamaguchi J Vet Med. 2005;32:37\u201340."},{"issue":"6","key":"B27","series-title":"J Am Animal Hosp Assoc","first-page":"891","article-title":"A survey of oral and dental diseases in dogs anesthetized at a veterinary hospital","volume":"18","author":"Golden AL","year":"1982","unstructured":"Golden AL, Stoller N, Harvey CE. A survey of oral and dental diseases in dogs anesthetized at a veterinary hospital. J Am Animal Hosp Assoc. 1982;18(6):891\u2013899. doi:10.5555\/19822216241"},{"issue":"2","key":"B28","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"51","article-title":"Epidemiological study of canine teeth fractures in military dogs","volume":"14","author":"Brech L","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brech L. Epidemiological study of canine teeth fractures in military dogs. J Vet Dent. 1997;14(2):51\u201355. doi:10.1177\/089875649701400203"},{"issue":"2","key":"B29","series-title":"Vet Radiol","first-page":"86","article-title":"A macroscopic and radiologic investigation of dental diseases of the dog","volume":"25","author":"Hamp SE","year":"1984","unstructured":"Hamp SE, Olsson SE, Fars\u00f8-Madsen K, Viklands P, Fornell J. A macroscopic and radiologic investigation of dental diseases of the dog. Vet Radiol. 1984;25(2):86\u201392. doi:10.1111\/j.1740-8261.1984.tb01916.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B30","series-title":"Canadian Vet J","first-page":"416","article-title":"Extraction of a mandibular first molar tooth (409) in a dog","volume":"51","author":"O\u2019Morrow C","year":"2010","unstructured":"O\u2019Morrow C. Extraction of a mandibular first molar tooth (409) in a dog. Canadian Vet J. 2010;51(4):416."},{"issue":"5","key":"B31","series-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc","first-page":"535","article-title":"Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment in dogs: 281 teeth in 204 dogs (2001\u20132018)","volume":"260","author":"Lee DB","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee DB, Arzi B, Kass PH, Verstraete FJM. Radiographic outcome of root canal treatment in dogs: 281 teeth in 204 dogs (2001\u20132018). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022;260(5):535\u2013542. doi:10.2460\/javma.21.03.0127"},{"key":"B32","series-title":"Front Vet Sci","article-title":"Outcomes of root canal treatments with three different sealers for 120 fractured maxillary fourth premolar teeth in small-to-medium sized dogs","volume":"11","author":"Kwon D","year":"1382","unstructured":"Kwon D. Outcomes of root canal treatments with three different sealers for 120 fractured maxillary fourth premolar teeth in small-to-medium sized dogs. Front Vet Sci. 11:1382645. doi:10.3389\/fvets.2024.1382645"},{"issue":"3","key":"B33","series-title":"J Vet Dent","first-page":"111","article-title":"Tooth enamel thickness in the mature dentition of domestic dogs and cats -preliminary study","volume":"12","author":"Crossley DA","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crossley DA. Tooth enamel thickness in the mature dentition of domestic dogs and cats -preliminary study. J Vet Dent. 1995;12(3):111\u2013113. doi:10.1177\/089875649501200302"},{"key":"B34","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry","first-page":"148","article-title":"Physical orodental conditions","author":"Erikson T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Erikson T. Physical orodental conditions. In: Tutt C, Deeprose H, Crossley DA. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry. 3rd ed. British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2007:148\u2013159."},{"key":"B35","series-title":"Cohen\u2019s Pathways of the Pulp","article-title":"Structure and functions of the dentin-pulp complex","author":"Fristad I","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fristad I, Berggreen E. Structure and functions of the dentin-pulp complex. In: Hargreaves KM, Berman LH, eds. Cohen\u2019s Pathways of the Pulp. Elsevier; 2016."},{"issue":"3","key":"B36","series-title":"Dent Traumatol","first-page":"103","article-title":"Crown fractures in the permanent dentition: pulpal and restorative considerations: traumatic crown fracture, pulp vitality and restoration","volume":"18","author":"Olsburgh S","year":"2002","unstructured":"Olsburgh S, Jacoby T, Krejci I. Crown fractures in the permanent dentition: pulpal and restorative considerations: traumatic crown fracture, pulp vitality and restoration. Dent Traumatol. 2002;18(3):103\u2013115. doi:10.1034\/j.1600-9657.2002.00004.x"},{"key":"B37","series-title":"Carranza\u2019s Clinical Periodontology","author":"Newman MG","year":"2011","unstructured":"Newman MG, Takei H, Klokkevold PR, Carranza FA. Carranza\u2019s Clinical Periodontology. 11th ed. Saunders; 2011."},{"key":"B38","series-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth","first-page":"1","article-title":"Anatomy of multi-rooted teeth and aetiopathogenesis of the furcation defect","author":"Pretzl B","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pretzl B. Anatomy of multi-rooted teeth and aetiopathogenesis of the furcation defect. In: Nibali L, ed. Diagnosis and Treatment of Furcation-Involved Teeth. Wiley & Sons; 2018:1\u201314. doi:10.1002\/9781119270638.ch1"},{"issue":"8","key":"B39","series-title":"J Clin Periodontol","first-page":"730","article-title":"Molar root anatomy and management of furcation defects","volume":"28","author":"Al-Shammari KF","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Shammari KF, Kazor CE, Wang H. Molar root anatomy and management of furcation defects. J Clin Periodontol. 2001;28(8):730\u2013740. doi:10.1034\/j.1600-051x.2001.280803.x"},{"issue":"4","key":"B40","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"234","article-title":"Root surface measurements of the mandibular first molar","volume":"56","author":"Dunlap RM","year":"1985","unstructured":"Dunlap RM, Gher ME. Root surface measurements of the mandibular first molar. J Periodontol. 1985;56(4):234\u2013238. doi:10.1902\/jop.1985.56.4.234"},{"issue":"1","key":"B41","series-title":"J Periodontol","first-page":"39","article-title":"Linear variation of the root surface area of the maxillary first molar","volume":"56","author":"Gher MW","year":"1985","unstructured":"Gher MW, Dunlap RW. Linear variation of the root surface area of the maxillary first molar. J Periodontol. 1985;56(1):39\u201343. doi:10.1902\/jop.1985.56.1.39"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/2\/ajvr.24.09.0260.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/2\/ajvr.24.09.0260.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/2\/ajvr.24.09.0260.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T13:40:00Z","timestamp":1738590000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/2\/ajvr.24.09.0260.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.24.09.0260","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0002-9645"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1943-5681"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]]}}}