{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:33:21Z","timestamp":1740807201912,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine the relationship between hoof surface (HS), hoof wall (HW), and lamellar tissue (LAM) temperature during distal limb cooling and evaluate 4 cooling methods in ambulatory horses over extended periods using HW to estimate LAM temperature.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>8 healthy, university-owned horses were enrolled. Temperature was measured over 4 hours at LAM, HS, and HW for 4 cooling methods: ice sleeve (SLEEVE), ice pack system (ICEPACK), low-volume ice water immersion (LV-IMMERSION), and high-volume ice water immersion (HV-IMMERSION). The relationship between HW, HS, and LAM was mathematically modeled, generating a method-specific correction factor to predict LAM based on HW. Hoof wall temperature was then measured over 8 hours with horses free in a stall (LAM was estimated using HW). Mixed-effects linear regression was used to compare cooling methods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HV-IMMERSION and LV-IMMERSION significantly decreased LAM temperature over 4 hours (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001), whereas ICEPACK and SLEEVE did not. Lamellar tissue temperature estimated using HW showed good concordance (\u03c1<jats:sub>c<\/jats:sub> = 0.93 [0.93 to 0.94]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) and correlation (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.93; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) with measured LAM temperature. In horses free in the stall for 8 hours, the estimated LAM temperature decreased significantly with HV-IMMERSION (\u221220.4\u2009\u00b0C [\u221222.9 to \u221217.8]) and LV-IMMERSION (\u221214.9\u2009\u00b0C [\u221217.7 to \u221212.1]) compared to control (32.7\u2009\u00b0C [32.2 to 33.2]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) but did not decrease with ICEPACK (\u22122.7\u2009\u00b0C [\u22125.6 to \u22120.3]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .08) or SLEEVE (\u22121.8\u2009\u00b0C [\u22125.6 to \u22122.0]; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .4).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>HV-IMMERSION and LV-IMMERSION were superior to ICEPACK and SLEEVE for lamellar cooling.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Immersion of the distal limb in ice and water is most effective for cooling the digital lamellae under clinically relevant conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.10.0291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T14:36:46Z","timestamp":1737470206000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Distal limb immersion in ice and water is the most effective means of cooling the equine hoof lamellae under clinically relevant conditions"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ciamillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies \u2011 New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies \u2011 New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeaneen","family":"Kulp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies \u2011 New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"van Eps","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies \u2011 New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"B1","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"441","article-title":"Influence of digital hypothermia on lamellar events related to IL-6\/gp130 signalling in equine sepsis-related laminitis","volume":"52","author":"Dern K","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dern K, Burns TA, Watts MR, van Eps AW, Belknap JK. Influence of digital hypothermia on lamellar events related to IL-6\/gp130 signalling in equine sepsis-related laminitis. Equine Vet J. 2020;52(3):441\u2013448. doi:10.1111\/evj.13184"},{"issue":"3","key":"B2","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"255","article-title":"Equine laminitis: cryotherapy reduces the severity of the acute lesion","volume":"36","author":"Van Eps A","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Eps A, Pollitt C. Equine laminitis: cryotherapy reduces the severity of the acute lesion. Equine Vet J. 2004;36(3):255\u2013260. doi:10.2746\/0425164044877107"},{"issue":"2","key":"B3","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"230","article-title":"Digital hypothermia inhibits early lamellar inflammatory signalling in the oligofructose laminitis model","volume":"44","author":"van Eps AW","year":"2012","unstructured":"van Eps AW, Leise BS, Watts M, Pollitt CC, Belknap JK. Digital hypothermia inhibits early lamellar inflammatory signalling in the oligofructose laminitis model. Equine Vet J. 2012;44(2):230\u2013237. doi:10.1111\/j.2042-3306.2011.00416.x"},{"issue":"5","key":"B4","series-title":"Equine Vet J","first-page":"625","article-title":"Continuous digital hypothermia initiated after the onset of lameness prevents lamellar failure in the oligofructose laminitis model","volume":"46","author":"van Eps AW","year":"2014","unstructured":"van Eps AW, Pollitt CC, Underwood C, Medina-Torres CE, Goodwin WA, Belknap JK. Continuous digital hypothermia initiated after the onset of lameness prevents lamellar failure in the oligofructose laminitis model. 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