{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T13:32:11Z","timestamp":1791639131836,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740787200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>OBJECTIVE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>This study investigates whether urinary cortisol (UC) and UC-to-creatinine ratio (UCCR) perform better than basal serum cortisol (BSC) in identifying dogs with hypoadrenocorticism (HA).<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective, multicenter study with 120 client-owned dogs included: 20 with HA, 42 healthy, and 60 with diseases mimicking HA. The UC and UCCR were determined on urine samples using a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay. The diagnostic performance of the UC and UCCR were assessed based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A cutoff value of UC &lt; 2 \u00b5g\/dL revealed 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 83.2 to 100) and 90.0% specificity (95% CI, 79.5 to 96.2) in diagnosing HA. A cutoff value of UCCR &lt; 8.5 X 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup> revealed 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 83.1 to 100) and 71.7% specificity (95% CI, 58.6 to 82.6) in diagnosing HA. A cutoff value of BSC &lt; 2 \u00b5g\/dL and &lt; 1 \u00b5g\/dL revealed 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 83.2 to 100) and 51.7% specificity (95% CI, 38.5 to 64.8) and 100% sensitivity (95% CI, 83.9 to 100) and 90% specificity (95% CI, 79.8 to 95.3) in diagnosing HA, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>BSC &lt; 1 \u00b5g\/dL showed the same sensitivity but higher specificity than BSC &lt; 2 \u00b5g\/dL. The UC &lt; 2 \u00b5g\/dL showed noninferior performance compared with the BSC &lt; 1 \u00b5g\/dL.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>CLINICAL RELEVANCE<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>UC should be considered a promising screening test for canine HA.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.10.0296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T14:36:41Z","timestamp":1737470201000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of urinary cortisol, urinary cortisol-to-creatinine ratio, and basal serum cortisol as screening tests for hypoadrenocorticism in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Federico","family":"Fracassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Tirolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matteo","family":"Galeotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1673-8715","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Andrea","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Bertolazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Clinica Veterinaria Tibaldi, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amtonio M.","family":"Tardo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefania","family":"Golinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter","family":"Bertazzolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MYLAV Veterinary Laboratory, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ugo","family":"Bonfanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MYLAV Veterinary Laboratory, Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Procoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anicura Ospedale Veterinario I Portoni Rossi, Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca Del","family":"Baldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell'Emilia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"B1","series-title":"J Vet Intern Med","first-page":"76","article-title":"Naturally occurring adrenocortical insufficiency\u2013an epidemiological study based on a Swedish-insured dog population of 525,028 dogs","volume":"30","author":"Hanson JM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hanson JM, Tengvall K, Bonnett BN, Hedhammar A. 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