{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T22:04:02Z","timestamp":1757541842015,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]],"date-time":"2025-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748736000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To describe and compare clinical and laboratory findings in alpacas with hypofructosaminemia (fructosamine low [FL]), normofructosaminemia, and hyperfructosaminemia (fructosamine high [FH]) in order to identify associations of abnormal plasma fructosamine (PF) with other clinical and laboratory findings in alpacas.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A retrospective observational study was conducted with clinical and laboratory data of 125 alpacas with FL (PF &lt; 252 \u00b5mol\/L; n = 19), normofructosaminemia (PF, 252 to 425 \u00b5mol\/L; n = 93), and FH (PF &gt; 425 \u00b5mol\/L; n = 13) presented to a veterinary teaching hospital from January 2022 through January 2023. Findings of the animals were compared using descriptive statistics and comparisons (Kruskal-Wallis test, 1-way ANOVA, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic> test, or Mann-Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic> test). Resulting diagnoses were tested for associations with fructosamine using the 2-sided Fisher exact test.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>FL occurred more frequently in crias than adults and was associated with lower bodyweight, body condition score, PCV, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Hyperfructosaminemia was associated with hyperglycemia. While a large proportion of the alpacas with FL had cachexia (8 of 19) and\/or anemia (6 of 19), the alpacas with FH were given many different diagnoses. <\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The available data suggest that FH in alpacas is associated with hyperglycemia, whereas FL is associated with decreased plasma proteins and poor nutritional status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>PF is rarely used in routine diagnostics in alpacas, but it can aid in the interpretation of plasma glucose, plasma proteins, and nutritional status.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.10.0306","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T09:03:45Z","timestamp":1743152625000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hyperfructosaminemia in alpacas (Vicugna pacos) is associated with hyperglycemia, hypofructosaminemia with decreased plasma proteins, and poor nutritional status"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3366-8579","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Matthias Gerhard","family":"Wagener","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johannes","family":"Buchallik-Schregel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"R\u00f6hrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Kornblum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saskia","family":"Neubert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra von","family":"Altrock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin U.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thies J.","family":"Nicolaisen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ganter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Kiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic for Swine, Small Ruminants, Forensic Medicine, and Ambulatory Service, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"Sci Rep","first-page":"22264","article-title":"The measurement of plasma fructosamine as a diagnostic tool to improve the interpretation of plasma glucose and proteins in alpacas (Vicugna pacos)","volume":"14","author":"Kiene F","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kiene F, Buchallik-Schregel J, R\u00f6hrig P, et al. 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