{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:19:53Z","timestamp":1743567593479,"version":"3.40.3"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To determine if ACTH, cortisol, arginine vasopressin (AVP), ghrelin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), and substance P (SP) blood biomarkers associated with nausea in humans have similar associations in dogs.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>7 healthy, mixed hound dogs were nausea scored using videotaped observations, and concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, AVP, ghrelin, 5-HIAA, and SP were measured in blood at baseline, after 0.5 mg\/kg, IM, morphine administration, and following administration of the treatment drug. Data collection occurred from October 20 through November 24, 2023. Treatments were saline 0.1 mL\/kg (S) and propofol 0.5 mg\/kg (P1), 1.0 mg\/kg (P2), and 1.5 mg\/kg (P3) administered IV 20 minutes after morphine administration using a randomized, crossover design with a 7-day washout between treatments.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Nausea scores increased at 5 minutes and over time in all treatments. Adrenocorticotropic hormone concentrations were lower in P2 versus P1, P2 versus S, and P3 versus S at the 50-minute time point. At 50 minutes, cortisol concentrations were lower in P3 versus S, P2 versus S, and P3 versus P1. There were no statistically significant differences in AVP, ghrelin, 5-HIAA, or SP concentrations between treatments or over time.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>AVP, ghrelin, 5-HIAA, and SP did not correlate with nausea signs in dogs. Additionally, propofol, at the subhypnotic doses administered, did not significantly decrease signs of nausea.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>ACTH and cortisol, but not AVP, ghrelin, 5-HIAA, and SP, concentrations appeared to be associated with signs of nausea in dogs. Propofol was not effective at decreasing signs of nausea at the administered dosages.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.11.0342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T14:33:23Z","timestamp":1738938803000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Arginine vasopressin, ghrelin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, and substance P do not appear to be reliable biomarkers of nausea in dogs"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Cameron B.","family":"Seger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-2147-964X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kirk A.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura R.","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Kamr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Phillip","family":"Lerche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-0798","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Carolina H. 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