{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T14:15:34Z","timestamp":1774880134575,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["ajvr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a1\">\n<jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>To evaluate the tensile strength and biomechanical properties of the tension band wire technique using a ring pin in a canine patellar transverse fracture model and to compare it with conventional tension band wire techniques.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a2\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The patella with adjacent structures were harvested from 11 adult canine cadavers and osteotomized transversely. The tension band wiring technique with a single Kirschner wire and metal wire was applied to the KM group (n = 7). The KS group (n = 7) was stabilized with the same technique as the KM group, but a nonabsorbable polyethylene orthopedic suture was used instead of metal wire. The RS group (n = 7) was stabilized with the combination of a ring pin and an orthopedic suture. A single axial tensile force was loaded to the specimens, and the loads at 1-, 2-, and 3-mm displacement and the maximum failure loads were measured.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a3\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The mean weight of canine cadavers was 13.7 kg (11.3 to 17.4 kg), and a total of 21 pelvic limbs were used. The RS group showed significantly greater strength compared to the KM group and KS group at maximum failure loads and compared to the KM group at 2- and 3-mm displacement.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a4\">\n<jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The tension band wire technique with a ring pin withstands greater force compared to conventional methods in the canine transverse patellar fractures.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sc_a5\">\n<jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>The ring pin can be considered a viable option for fractures in dogs primarily requiring resistance to tensile forces.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.24.12.0378","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,6]],"date-time":"2025-03-06T15:41:08Z","timestamp":1741275668000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The enhanced stability of ring pin\u2013based tension band wiring in canine transverse patellar fracture models"],"prefix":"10.2460","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Jisu","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyeonseo","family":"Kong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunjung","family":"Tae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hwi-Yool","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1272","reference":[{"key":"B1","series-title":"MS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW","first-page":"Doc01","article-title":"Current concepts review: fractures of the patella","volume":"5","author":"Gwinner C","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gwinner C, M\u00e4rdian S, Schwabe P, Schaser KD, Krapohl BD. Current concepts review: fractures of the patella. MS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW. 2016;5:Doc01."},{"issue":"7","key":"B2","series-title":"Vet Surg","first-page":"869","article-title":"Fracture of the patella after TPLO in 6 dogs","volume":"41","author":"Rutherford S","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rutherford S, Bell JC, Ness MG. Fracture of the patella after TPLO in 6 dogs. Vet Surg. 2012;41(7):869\u2013875. doi:10.1111\/j.1532-950X.2012.01018.x"},{"key":"B3","series-title":"BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Fracture Repair and Management","author":"Langley-Hobbs SJ","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langley-Hobbs SJ. BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Fracture Repair and Management. 2nd ed. British Small Animal Veterinary Association; 2016."},{"issue":"9","key":"B4","series-title":"Can Vet J","first-page":"945","article-title":"Excellent long-term clinical outcome in a young athletic dog following surgical complications of a comminuted patellar fracture and patellar ligament rupture","volume":"62","author":"Cruciani B","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cruciani B, Gagnon D, Freire M, Montasell X. Excellent long-term clinical outcome in a young athletic dog following surgical complications of a comminuted patellar fracture and patellar ligament rupture. Can Vet J. 2021;62(9):945\u2013950."},{"key":"B5","series-title":"Textbook of Small Animal Surgery","first-page":"2126","article-title":"Stifle joint","author":"Vasseur PB","year":"2003","unstructured":"Vasseur PB. Stifle joint. In: Slatter D, ed. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery. 3rd ed. Saunders; 2003:2126\u20132129."},{"issue":"1","key":"B6","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"20","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of pin and tension-band wire fixation with a prototype locking plate fixation in a transverse canine patellar fracture model","volume":"29","author":"Gibert S","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gibert S, Kowaleski M, Matthys R, N\u00fctzi R, Serck B, Boudrieau R. Biomechanical comparison of pin and tension-band wire fixation with a prototype locking plate fixation in a transverse canine patellar fracture model. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2016;29(1):20\u201328. doi:10.3415\/VCOT-15-07-0115"},{"key":"B7","series-title":"Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo\u2019s Handbook of Small Animal Orthopaedic and Fracture Repair","first-page":"590","year":"2016","unstructured":"DeCamp CE, Johnston SA, D\u00e9jardin LM, Schaefer SL, eds. Brinker, Piermattei, and Flo\u2019s Handbook of Small Animal Orthopaedic and Fracture Repair. 5th ed. Elsevier; 2016:590\u2013593."},{"key":"B8","series-title":"Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal: 2-volume set","first-page":"1162","article-title":"Stifle joint","author":"Kowaleski MP","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kowaleski MP, Boudrieau RJ, Pozzi A. Stifle joint. In: Veterinary Surgery: Small Animal: 2-volume set. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2013:1162\u20131164."},{"issue":"5","key":"B9","series-title":"Orthopedics","first-page":"301","article-title":"Implant removal following surgical stabilization of patella fracture","volume":"33","author":"Kumar G","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kumar G, Mereddy PK, Hakkalamani S, Donnachie NJ. Implant removal following surgical stabilization of patella fracture. Orthopedics. 2010;33(5):301\u2013304. doi:10.3928\/01477447-20100329-14"},{"issue":"4","key":"B10","series-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg","first-page":"198","article-title":"Patellar fractures in adults","volume":"19","author":"Melvin SJ","year":"2011","unstructured":"Melvin SJ, Mehta S. Patellar fractures in adults. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2011;19(4):198\u2013207. doi:10.5435\/00124635-201104000-00004"},{"issue":"7","key":"B11","series-title":"J Orthop Trauma","first-page":"422","article-title":"Functional outcomes after operatively treated patella fractures","volume":"26","author":"LeBrun CT","year":"2012","unstructured":"LeBrun CT, Langford JR, Sagi HC. Functional outcomes after operatively treated patella fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2012;26(7):422\u2013426. doi:10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318228c1a1"},{"issue":"6","key":"B12","series-title":"Orthopedics","first-page":"377","article-title":"Current treatment strategies for patella fractures","volume":"38","author":"Schuett DJ","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schuett DJ, Hake ME, Mauffrey C, Hammerberg EM, Stahel PF, Hak DJ. Current treatment strategies for patella fractures. Orthopedics. 2015;38(6):377\u2013384. doi:10.3928\/01477447-20150603-05"},{"key":"B13","series-title":"Swiss Med Wkly","first-page":"w20165","article-title":"Practical guidelines for the treatment of patellar fractures in adults","volume":"150","author":"Steinmetz S","year":"2020","unstructured":"Steinmetz S, Brgger A, Chauveau J, Chevalley F, Borens O, Thein E. Practical guidelines for the treatment of patellar fractures in adults. Swiss Med Wkly. 2020;150:w20165. doi:10.4414\/smw.2020.20165"},{"key":"B14","series-title":"Biomed Res Int","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of cannulated screws versus ring pin versus K-wire with tension band fixation techniques in the treatment of transverse patellar fractures: a case-control study with minimum 2-year follow-up","volume":"2022","author":"Liu J","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu J, Ge Y, Zhang G, et al. Clinical outcomes of cannulated screws versus ring pin versus K-wire with tension band fixation techniques in the treatment of transverse patellar fractures: a case-control study with minimum 2-year follow-up. Biomed Res Int. 2022;2022:1\u201310. doi:10.1155\/2022\/5610627"},{"issue":"1","key":"B15","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fixation of patella fractures with braided polyester suture: a biomechanical study","volume":"31","author":"Patel VR","year":"2000","unstructured":"Patel VR, Parks BG, Wang Y, Ebert FR, Jinnah RH. Fixation of patella fractures with braided polyester suture: a biomechanical study. Injury. 2000;31(1):1\u20136. doi:10.1016\/S0020-1383(99)00190-4"},{"issue":"2","key":"B16","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"129","article-title":"Clinical experience of patellar fracture fixation using metal wire or non-absorbable polyester\u2014a study of 37 cases","volume":"32","author":"Gosal HS","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gosal HS, Singh P, Field RE. Clinical experience of patellar fracture fixation using metal wire or non-absorbable polyester\u2014a study of 37 cases. Injury. 2001;32(2):129\u2013135. doi:10.1016\/S0020-1383(00)00170-4"},{"issue":"11","key":"B17","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"1200","article-title":"FiberWire\u00ae is superior in strength to stainless steel wire for tension band fixation of transverse patellar fractures","volume":"40","author":"Wright PB","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wright PB, Kosmopoulos V, Cot\u00e9 RE, Tayag TJ, Nana AD. FiberWire\u00ae is superior in strength to stainless steel wire for tension band fixation of transverse patellar fractures. Injury. 2009;40(11):1200\u20131203. doi:10.1016\/j.injury.2009.04.011"},{"issue":"5","key":"B18","series-title":"J Feline Med Surg","first-page":"1098612X231172630","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of three fixation methods in feline transverse patellar fracture model","volume":"25","author":"Lee MY","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lee MY, Ahn TH, Son SI, Kim HY. Biomechanical evaluation of three fixation methods in feline transverse patellar fracture model. J Feline Med Surg. 2023;25(5):1098612X231172630."},{"issue":"2","key":"B19","series-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol","first-page":"237","article-title":"Surgical technique in tension band wiring method for selected comminuted olecranon fractures","volume":"30","author":"Okamoto M","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okamoto M, Namba J, Kuriyama K, Miyamura S, Yokoi H, Yamamoto K. Surgical technique in tension band wiring method for selected comminuted olecranon fractures. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020;30(2):237\u2013242. doi:10.1007\/s00590-019-02551-y"},{"issue":"7","key":"B20","series-title":"Injury","first-page":"713","article-title":"Tension band fixation for treatment of patellar fracture: novel technique using a braided polyblend sutures and ring pins","volume":"40","author":"Yotsumoto T","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yotsumoto T, Nishikawa U, Ryoke K, Nozaki K, Uchio Y. Tension band fixation for treatment of patellar fracture: novel technique using a braided polyblend sutures and ring pins. Injury. 2009;40(7):713\u2013717. doi:10.1016\/j.injury.2008.10.032"},{"issue":"1","key":"B21","series-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord","first-page":"60","article-title":"A retrospective cohort study on prevalence of postoperative complications in comminuted patellar fractures: comparisons among stabilized with cannulated-screw, Kirschner-Wire, or ring-pin tension bands","volume":"22","author":"Zhu X","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu X, Huang T, Zhu H, et al. A retrospective cohort study on prevalence of postoperative complications in comminuted patellar fractures: comparisons among stabilized with cannulated-screw, Kirschner-Wire, or ring-pin tension bands. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22(1):60. doi:10.1186\/s12891-020-03936-5"},{"key":"B22","series-title":"Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery","first-page":"1061","article-title":"Repair of patellar fractures","author":"Fox DB","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fox DB. Repair of patellar fractures. In: Bojrab MJ, Waldron DR, Toombs JP, eds. Current Techniques in Small Animal Surgery. 5th ed. Saunders; 2014:1061\u20131063."},{"issue":"8","key":"B23","series-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res","first-page":"1277","article-title":"The best knot and suture configurations for high-strength suture material. An in vitro biomechanical study","volume":"104","author":"Meyer DC","year":"2018","unstructured":"Meyer DC, Bachmann E, L\u00e4dermann A, Lajtai G, Jentzsch T. The best knot and suture configurations for high-strength suture material. An in vitro biomechanical study. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res. 2018;104(8):1277\u20131282. doi:10.1016\/j.otsr.2018.08.010"},{"issue":"2","key":"B24","series-title":"Iran J Vet Res","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of metal wire and FiberWire as tension band techniques: an ex vivo study","volume":"22","author":"Hwang BM","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hwang BM, Kim MS. Biomechanical comparison of metal wire and FiberWire as tension band techniques: an ex vivo study. Iran J Vet Res. 2021;22(2). doi:10.22099\/ijvr.2021.37914.5523"},{"issue":"10","key":"B25","series-title":"J Orthop Res","first-page":"1326","article-title":"Evaluation of predicted knee-joint muscle forces during gait using an instrumented knee implant","volume":"27","author":"Kim HJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kim HJ, Fernandez JW, Akbarshahi M, Walter JP, Fregly BJ, Pandy MG. Evaluation of predicted knee-joint muscle forces during gait using an instrumented knee implant. J Orthop Res. 2009;27(10):1326\u20131331. doi:10.1002\/jor.20876"},{"issue":"01","key":"B26","series-title":"Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol","first-page":"15","article-title":"Effects of acceleration on ground reaction forces collected in healthy dogs at a trot","volume":"11","author":"Budsberg SC","year":"1998","unstructured":"Budsberg SC, Rytz U, Johnston SA. Effects of acceleration on ground reaction forces collected in healthy dogs at a trot. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 1998;11(01):15\u201319. doi:10.1055\/s-0038-1632610"},{"issue":"5","key":"B27","series-title":"Chin J Traumatol","first-page":"255","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of tension band wiring (TBW) of transverse fractures of patella","volume":"19","author":"Ali M","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali M, Kuiper J, John J. Biomechanical analysis of tension band wiring (TBW) of transverse fractures of patella. Chin J Traumatol. 2016;19(5):255\u2013258. doi:10.1016\/j.cjtee.2016.06.009"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Veterinary Research"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/5\/ajvr.24.12.0378.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/5\/ajvr.24.12.0378.xml","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/downloadpdf\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/5\/ajvr.24.12.0378.xml","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T12:41:50Z","timestamp":1746103310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/avmajournals.avma.org\/view\/journals\/ajvr\/86\/5\/ajvr.24.12.0378.xml"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2460\/ajvr.24.12.0378","relation":{},"ISSN":["0002-9645","1943-5681"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0002-9645","type":"print"},{"value":"1943-5681","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]]}}}